What to see in Xi'an

The Terracotta Army, officially known as the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, is an extraordinary archaeological wonder located near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China. Discovered accidentally in 1974 by local farmers digging a well, this vast underground army of life-sized terracotta warriors and horses was created to guard Emperor Qin Shi Huang in his afterlife. Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of a unified China, reigning from 221 to 210 BCE, and his ambition was reflected in the sheer scale and intricate detail of his burial complex. The site is a UNESCO World Heritage site and offers an unparalleled glimpse into the military might, artistic skill, and spiritual beliefs of ancient China. As you explore the three main pits, you'll be captivated by the sheer number of figures, estimated to be over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses, most of which are still buried in the pits near Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. Each warrior possesses unique facial features, hairstyles, and armor, reflecting the diverse origins of the soldiers in Qin Shi Huang's army.

Visiting the Terracotta Army is undoubtedly one of the best places to visit in Xi'an, offering a profound connection to China's imperial past. The meticulous craftsmanship evident in each figure, from the individual strands of hair to the intricate details of their armor, speaks volumes about the advanced artistic and engineering capabilities of the Qin Dynasty. You'll observe different ranks and roles among the soldiers, including archers, infantrymen, and generals, all arranged in precise battle formations. Beyond the warriors themselves, the site also features bronze chariots and weapons, providing further insight into the military technology of the era. The ongoing excavation and restoration work allows you to witness history being unearthed before your eyes, making the experience even more dynamic. The scale of the undertaking, requiring hundreds of thousands of laborers over decades, underscores Qin Shi Huang's immense power and his desire for eternal dominion.

This monumental archaeological site not only showcases the artistic and military prowess of the Qin Dynasty but also serves as a powerful testament to the enduring legacy of Emperor Qin Shi Huang. His unification of China, standardization of weights, measures, and currency, and the construction of early sections of the Great Wall were monumental achievements, and the Terracotta Army stands as a physical manifestation of his vision. Allow ample time to explore the different pits and the museum exhibits, which provide context and display some of the more exquisitely preserved artifacts.

The Datang Everbright City is a magnificent pedestrian street and cultural block in Xi'an, serving as a vibrant tribute to the glorious Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). Stretching over 2,100 meters from the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the north to the Tang Paradise in the south, this immersive attraction transports you back to a golden age of Chinese history. As you stroll along this beautifully illuminated boulevard, you'll be captivated by the stunning Tang-style architecture, intricate carvings, and a dazzling array of lights that bring the ancient capital of Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an) to life, especially after dusk. This area is not just a visual spectacle; it's a living museum where history and modern entertainment intertwine, offering a unique glimpse into the cultural richness that defined one of China's most prosperous dynasties.

For those wondering what to see in Xi'an beyond the ancient walls and terracotta warriors, Datang Everbright City presents an unmissable opportunity to experience the city's dynamic cultural pulse. The street is adorned with statues of influential figures from the Tang era, such as the revered Buddhist monk Xuanzang, who brought Buddhist scriptures from India, and the powerful Empress Wu Zetian, China's only female emperor. You'll encounter a continuous stream of street performers showcasing traditional Tang music, dance, and opera, creating an electrifying atmosphere. Interactive light projections on the buildings tell stories of ancient legends and historical events, making every corner a discovery. Beyond the performances, the street is lined with a diverse selection of shops offering local crafts, souvenirs, and traditional Chinese goods. You can also savor authentic Shaanxi cuisine at numerous restaurants and snack stalls, or relax in one of the many tea houses and cafes, enjoying the bustling ambiance.

The sheer scale and meticulous detail of Datang Everbright City make it a truly remarkable destination. It has become a national tourist attraction, celebrated for its ability to blend historical education with engaging entertainment. The nightly light shows are particularly renowned, transforming the entire street into a breathtaking canvas of color and light, often featuring drone shows and water curtain projections near the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda. This modern cultural landmark not only preserves the legacy of the Tang Dynasty but also innovatively presents it to contemporary visitors, allowing you to walk through history while enjoying the comforts and excitement of the present.

The Muslim Quarter in Xi'an is a vibrant, historic enclave that offers a captivating glimpse into the city's rich cultural tapestry and its deep connections to the ancient Silk Road. Nestled just north of the Drum Tower, this bustling neighborhood has been home to Xi'an's Hui Muslim community for centuries, evolving into a lively hub where tradition, commerce, and culinary delights converge. As you step into its narrow, winding alleys, you are immediately enveloped by the aromatic scents of exotic spices, sizzling street food, and the lively chatter of vendors, creating an atmosphere unlike anywhere else in the city. This district is not merely a collection of streets; it is a living museum, showcasing the enduring legacy of cultural exchange between China and the Islamic world.

Exploring the Muslim Quarter is undoubtedly one of the best ways to immerse yourself in the local culture and discover why it's considered one of the best places to visit in Xi'an. The area's history dates back to the Tang Dynasty, when Arab and Persian merchants first arrived in Chang'an (ancient Xi'an) via the Silk Road, establishing a community that has thrived for over a millennium. At its heart lies the magnificent Great Mosque, one of China's oldest and most well-preserved mosques, uniquely blending traditional Chinese architectural styles with Islamic elements. Wander through its serene courtyards and intricate prayer halls to appreciate its historical and architectural significance. Beyond the mosque, the quarter is a paradise for food lovers. Savor local specialties like Roujiamo (Chinese hamburger), Yangrou Paomo (lamb bread soup), and Biangbiang Mian (thick, hand-pulled noodles), all prepared with generations-old recipes. Don't miss the opportunity to try the sweet persimmon cakes or the various nut brittles, often made fresh before your eyes. The vibrant night market truly comes alive after dusk, offering an even wider array of culinary treasures and a lively, festive ambiance.

Beyond the culinary adventures, the Muslim Quarter provides a unique shopping experience, with stalls selling everything from traditional handicrafts and souvenirs to intricate paper cuttings and silk products. You can also visit the Gaojia Courtyard, a beautifully preserved traditional residence that often hosts shadow puppet shows and folk music performances, offering another layer of cultural insight. The architecture throughout the quarter, with its distinctive green-tiled roofs and ornate wooden carvings, reflects the unique fusion of Chinese and Islamic aesthetics.

The Xi'an City Wall, also known as the Fortifications of Xi'an, stands as one of the oldest, largest, and best-preserved ancient city walls in China. Originally constructed during the Ming Dynasty under the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, it was built upon the foundations of the imperial city of the Tang Dynasty. This monumental structure served as a formidable military defense system, encircling the historic heart of Xi'an and protecting its inhabitants for centuries. Its strategic design, featuring watchtowers, gate towers, corner towers, and a wide moat, reflects the advanced military engineering of its time. Walking or cycling along its impressive 13.7-kilometer perimeter offers a unique perspective on the city's rich past and vibrant present, making it a truly unmissable experience when you consider what to see in Xi'an.

As you explore the Xi'an City Wall, you'll gain a profound appreciation for the city's enduring legacy. The wall's sheer scale and remarkable state of preservation allow you to step back in time and imagine the bustling life within its protective embrace during imperial eras. From atop the wall, you can enjoy panoramic views of both the modern cityscape and historical landmarks, including the Bell Tower and Drum Tower, which are centrally located within the wall's confines. Renting a bicycle is a popular way to traverse the entire circuit, offering a leisurely yet engaging journey that takes approximately 1.5 to 2 hours. This allows you to absorb the atmosphere, observe the intricate details of the fortifications, and appreciate the blend of ancient and contemporary Xi'an. The wall is particularly captivating during sunset, when the ancient bricks glow in the golden light, creating a truly magical ambiance.

Beyond its historical significance, the Xi'an City Wall serves as a gateway to exploring the city's vibrant culture. After descending from the wall, you'll find yourself in close proximity to various local delights. For instance, near the South Gate (Yongning Gate), one of the most grand and frequently used entrances, you can easily venture into the lively Muslim Quarter. Here, you can savor authentic local street food, from Roujiamo (Chinese hamburger) to Liangpi (cold noodles), and browse unique souvenirs. While there isn't one specific "fashion store" or "bakery" directly adjacent to the wall that stands out as a global landmark, the areas around the main gates, especially the South Gate, are bustling with local eateries and cafes where you can refuel and experience the local flavor. Consider stopping at a traditional tea house or a local noodle shop for an immersive culinary experience that complements your historical exploration.

The Hanyangling Museum, also known as the Han Yang Ling Mausoleum of Emperor Jingdi, offers a captivating journey into the daily life and funerary customs of the Western Han Dynasty. Located just north of Xi'an, near the Xi'an Xianyang International Airport, this unique archaeological site is the joint tomb of Emperor Jingdi (Liu Qi), who reigned from 188 to 141 BC, and his Empress Wang. Unlike the grand scale of the Terracotta Army, which showcases the might of the Qin Dynasty, Hanyangling provides a more intimate and detailed glimpse into the Han era, a period of significant stability and prosperity following the Qin. Emperor Jingdi was a pivotal figure in the "Rule of Wen and Jing," a golden age characterized by economic recovery and social harmony, largely due to his frugal policies and emphasis on agricultural development. Exploring this site is one of the most insightful things to do in Xi'an for those keen on understanding ancient Chinese history beyond the more famous warrior figures.

Step inside the innovative underground museum, built directly over the excavation pits, and witness history unfold beneath your feet. Transparent glass walkways allow you to peer down into the burial pits, where thousands of miniature terracotta figures, typically around 60 centimeters tall, are meticulously preserved in situ. These figures are remarkably diverse, depicting not only soldiers but also eunuchs, court ladies, servants, farmers, and a vast array of domestic animals like pigs, sheep, dogs, and chickens. Originally, these figures were adorned with wooden arms and dressed in silk garments, which have long since decayed, leaving many of them headless or armless, yet still conveying a vivid sense of the imperial court and everyday life. You'll observe granaries filled with miniature grains, kitchens with tiny utensils, and even latrines, all designed to serve the emperor in the afterlife. This level of detail offers an unparalleled window into the social structure, economic activities, and beliefs of the Han Dynasty.

A visit to Hanyangling Museum provides a tranquil and often less crowded alternative to other historical sites, allowing for a more reflective experience. The museum's design, which integrates the archaeological findings directly into the exhibition space, creates an immersive environment where you can truly appreciate the scale and complexity of this ancient civilization's burial practices. It's a testament to the Han people's belief in an afterlife mirroring earthly existence, and the meticulous preparation undertaken to ensure the emperor's comfort.

The Bell Tower stands majestically at the very heart of Xi'an, marking the geographical center of this ancient capital. Constructed in 1384 during the early Ming Dynasty under the reign of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, this imposing structure served a crucial role in the city's daily life. Its primary function was to announce the time, with the ringing of a massive bell at dawn, signaling the opening of the city gates and the start of the day. This architectural marvel is not just a building; it's a living testament to Xi'an's rich imperial past and a pivotal landmark that has witnessed centuries of change.

Originally, the Bell Tower was located slightly west of its current position, near the Drum Tower. However, in 1582, during the reign of Emperor Wanli, it was meticulously dismantled and relocated brick by brick to its present central spot. This remarkable feat of engineering allowed it to better serve the expanding city and its growing population. As one of the most iconic Xi'an attractions, the tower's intricate design showcases classic Chinese timber-frame architecture, featuring a three-story structure built upon a tall, square brick base. Inside, you'll find historical exhibits detailing the tower's history and the evolution of timekeeping in ancient China. The tower once housed the famous Jingyun Bell from the Tang Dynasty, though that original bell is now preserved in the Beilin Museum; a replica now hangs within the tower.

When you visit, you can ascend the tower via an internal staircase, offering panoramic views of the bustling city center and the surrounding streets that radiate outwards. The Bell Tower is easily accessible via an underground passage system, which also connects to the nearby Drum Tower and the vibrant Muslim Quarter, renowned for its delicious street food and unique atmosphere. Consider exploring the area around the tower, where you'll find a blend of modern shops and traditional eateries. For a taste of local flavors, the Muslim Quarter is just a short stroll away, offering an array of culinary delights that are a must-try after your historical exploration.

The Shaanxi History Museum, often hailed as one of China's premier museums, offers an unparalleled journey through the rich tapestry of Chinese civilization, particularly focusing on the Shaanxi province, the cradle of ancient Chinese dynasties. Housed in a magnificent building designed in the style of the Tang Dynasty, this museum is a treasure trove of over 370,000 artifacts, spanning a million years from prehistoric times to the Qing Dynasty. You'll discover an extraordinary collection that includes exquisite bronze wares from the Western Zhou Dynasty, intricate gold and silver artifacts from the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and captivating murals from imperial tombs. It’s a fantastic way to deepen your understanding of the historical significance of Xi'an, which served as the capital for 13 dynasties, earning its moniker as the "Pearl of Ancient Capitals." The museum provides crucial context for many other things to do in Xi'an, such as visiting the Terracotta Army, exploring the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, or walking the ancient City Wall.

As you wander through the meticulously curated halls, you'll encounter relics from the Banpo Village Neolithic culture, learn about the Silk Road's impact on the region, and marvel at the sheer artistry of ancient Chinese craftsmen. The sheer scale and quality of the exhibits make it an essential stop for anyone keen to grasp the profound historical depth of China. Don't miss the special exhibition halls, which often feature unique temporary displays. After immersing yourself in millennia of history, you might find yourself ready for a local culinary experience.

The Big Wild Goose Pagoda, or Dayan Ta, stands majestically in the southern part of Xi'an, a towering symbol of the city's rich Buddhist heritage and its pivotal role in the Tang Dynasty. Originally constructed in 652 AD during the reign of Emperor Gaozong, this seven-story pagoda was built to house the Buddhist scriptures and relics brought back from India by the revered monk Xuanzang. Xuanzang embarked on an epic 17-year journey to India in the 7th century, a pilgrimage that inspired the classic Chinese novel Journey to the West. Upon his return, he dedicated his life to translating the vast collection of Buddhist sutras, and the Big Wild Goose Pagoda became the repository for these invaluable texts, making it a crucial center for Buddhist studies and cultural exchange. Its unique square pyramid shape and brick construction, without the use of mortar, have allowed it to withstand numerous earthquakes over the centuries, a testament to ancient Chinese architectural ingenuity.

As one of the best places to visit in Xi'an, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda offers more than just historical significance; it provides a serene escape and a glimpse into a bygone era. Ascend to the top of the pagoda for panoramic views of Xi'an, stretching from the ancient city walls to the modern skyline. Around the pagoda, you'll find the Da Ci'en Temple, the original monastery complex where Xuanzang resided and translated scriptures. Stroll through the tranquil gardens, admire the intricate carvings and statues, and observe the daily rituals of devotion. In the evenings, the pagoda and its surrounding square come alive with a spectacular musical fountain show, a vibrant display of light and water synchronized to traditional Chinese music, offering a different perspective on this ancient landmark. This area is also a hub for local life, where you can observe residents practicing tai chi or enjoying leisurely walks.

Beyond its spiritual and historical allure, the area surrounding the Big Wild Goose Pagoda is vibrant and offers modern conveniences. Explore the nearby Datang Everbright City, a pedestrian street designed to evoke the grandeur of the Tang Dynasty, featuring shops, restaurants, and cultural performances. Here, you can savor local Shaanxi cuisine or find unique souvenirs. The pagoda's enduring presence serves as a powerful reminder of Xi'an's golden age and its profound contributions to global culture and spirituality.

The Great Mosque of Xi'an, nestled within the vibrant Muslim Quarter, stands as one of China's oldest and most remarkably preserved mosques, offering a profound glimpse into the nation's rich cultural tapestry. Founded in 742 AD during the illustrious Tang Dynasty, under the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, this sacred site is a living testament to the peaceful integration of Islamic faith with traditional Chinese aesthetics. Unlike typical mosques found globally, its design strikingly resembles a classical Chinese temple complex, characterized by a series of serene courtyards, intricate pavilions, and lush gardens. This unique architectural fusion, where Islamic prayer halls are adorned with traditional Chinese eaves and calligraphy, beautifully illustrates the cultural exchange that flourished along the ancient Silk Road. It's a powerful symbol of how Islam arrived and took root in China, not through conquest, but through trade and cultural dialogue, primarily brought by Arab merchants and Chinese generals who embraced the faith.

As you wander through its four distinct courtyards, each revealing more of its historical and artistic depth, you'll discover why the Great Mosque of Xi'an is truly one of the best places to visit in Xi'an. The first courtyard features an impressive wooden archway, adorned with exquisite carvings, while the second houses the Phoenix Pavilion (Xingxin Pavilion), a striking structure used for sermons. Further in, you'll encounter ancient steles, including the One-Hundred-Character Tablet and the Phoenix Tablet, inscribed with calligraphic masterpieces that blend Arabic and Chinese scripts. The main Prayer Hall (Qingzhen Si), capable of accommodating over a thousand worshippers, is a marvel of design, facing west towards Mecca yet maintaining a distinctly Chinese architectural facade. Observe the absence of traditional minarets; instead, a "Shengshou Hall" or "Viewing the Moon Tower" serves a similar purpose, further emphasizing the mosque's unique adaptation. This tranquil oasis provides a stark contrast to the bustling city outside, inviting quiet contemplation and appreciation for its enduring legacy.

Beyond the mosque's walls, you are immediately immersed in the lively atmosphere of the Muslim Quarter (Huimin Jie), a renowned culinary and cultural hub. This area is an absolute must-visit for food enthusiasts, offering an incredible array of local delicacies. Savor authentic Roujiamo (a savory Chinese "hamburger"), refresh yourself with Liangpi (cold noodles), or warm up with a bowl of Yangrou Paomo (lamb bread soup). The narrow streets are also lined with shops selling traditional crafts, souvenirs, and local snacks, providing a perfect opportunity to experience the vibrant local life that has thrived around the mosque for centuries.

The Tang Paradise is a sprawling cultural theme park in Xi'an, designed to recreate the grandeur and splendor of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), a golden age in Chinese history. Situated just east of the iconic Giant Wild Goose Pagoda, this magnificent complex offers you a captivating journey back in time, allowing you to immerse yourself in the art, architecture, and lifestyle of ancient China. The park is built around the Furong Lake, with a series of interconnected pavilions, gardens, and bridges that reflect the imperial gardens of the Tang Dynasty. It’s a testament to the era's prosperity and cultural brilliance, meticulously designed to evoke the spirit of a period when Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an) was the largest and most cosmopolitan city in the world.

As you explore Tang Paradise, you'll discover various themed zones, each showcasing different aspects of Tang Dynasty culture. Wander through the Ziyun Tower, the park's central and most impressive structure, which hosts spectacular performances and offers panoramic views. Stroll across the elegant Luoyang Bridge and the vibrant Rainbow Bridge, admiring the intricate details of the traditional architecture. The park is home to numerous smaller pavilions, each with its own story, from the Royal Garden to the Tea Culture Pavilion. You can also enjoy traditional music, dance, and opera performances at the Fengming Jiutian Theatre, bringing the vibrant court life of the Tang Dynasty to life before your eyes. This immersive experience makes it one of the most unique things to do in Xi'an, offering both historical insight and visual delight.

To truly appreciate Tang Paradise, time your visit for the evening. As dusk falls, the entire park transforms into a magical wonderland with dazzling light shows and water screen movies projected onto Furong Lake. The illuminated pagodas, bridges, and pavilions create a breathtaking spectacle, making for unforgettable memories. Beyond the visual feast, you can also find various dining options within the park, offering both local Shaanxi cuisine and other Chinese delicacies.

The Huaqing Hot Springs, nestled at the foot of Mount Li just outside Xi'an, invite you to step back in time and immerse yourself in centuries of imperial history and natural beauty. This exquisite complex, renowned for its therapeutic mineral waters, served as a luxurious retreat for emperors and their consorts, most famously Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and his beloved concubine, Yang Guifei. Their legendary romance unfolded within these very grounds, with the emperor building elaborate bathing pools for her, such as the Lotus Flower Pool (Furong Tang) and the Star Gazer Pool (Xingchen Tang), designed to resemble the Big Dipper constellation. As you wander through the meticulously restored gardens and pavilions, you can almost hear the whispers of ancient court life and imagine the opulence that once defined this imperial playground. The natural hot springs, with temperatures consistently around 43°C (109°F), have been cherished for their healing properties for over 3,000 years, making a visit here a truly unique experience among the many things to do in Xi'an.

Beyond its romantic allure, Huaqing Hot Springs also holds a pivotal place in modern Chinese history. It was here, in 1936, that the Xi'an Incident occurred, a dramatic event where Chiang Kai-shek was detained by his own generals, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng, forcing him to unite with the Communists against the Japanese invasion. You can visit the very room where Chiang Kai-shek was staying and the spot on Mount Li where he was captured, adding a layer of 20th-century political intrigue to the ancient imperial narrative. The site beautifully blends historical significance with scenic landscapes, offering tranquil ponds, ancient trees, and intricate architecture. Consider timing your visit to include the "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" (Chang Hen Ge) performance, an elaborate outdoor show that vividly re-enacts the tragic love story of Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Guifei against the backdrop of the illuminated Mount Li.

The Drum Tower in Xi'an stands as a magnificent testament to the city's rich imperial past, a structure that has marked the passage of time for centuries. Erected in 1380 during the early Ming Dynasty under the reign of Emperor Hongwu, this imposing wooden edifice served a crucial function in ancient Xi'an. Its primary purpose was to signal the end of the day, with its massive drums beaten at sunset to announce the closing of the city gates and the onset of night. This rhythmic tradition, paired with the morning bell tolls from the nearby Bell Tower, created a harmonious timekeeping system that governed the daily lives of the city's inhabitants. As you approach the Drum Tower, you'll immediately appreciate its grand scale and intricate traditional Chinese architecture, characterized by its double-eaved roof and vibrant painted decorations. It is one of the largest drum towers in China, showcasing the advanced craftsmanship of its era.

Stepping inside the Drum Tower offers a deeper dive into its historical role and cultural significance. You can ascend to the upper floors, where you'll find an impressive collection of ancient drums, including the famous "Twenty-Four Solar Terms Drum," each representing a specific period in the traditional Chinese calendar. These drums, some of which are replicas of the originals, provide a tangible link to the city's past timekeeping methods. From the upper levels, you are treated to panoramic views of the bustling Drum Tower Square and the surrounding cityscape, offering a unique perspective on modern Xi'an juxtaposed with its ancient heart. This vantage point also highlights the close proximity of the Bell Tower, its historical counterpart, standing majestically just a few hundred meters away. Exploring these two iconic structures is certainly among the essential things to do in Xi'an, providing insight into the city's historical urban planning.

Beyond its historical allure, the Drum Tower serves as a gateway to some of Xi'an's most vibrant contemporary experiences. Immediately behind the tower, you'll discover the entrance to the famous Muslim Quarter (Huimin Street), a bustling labyrinth of narrow alleys renowned for its incredible street food and unique cultural atmosphere. After your visit to the Drum Tower, immerse yourself in this culinary paradise. Savor local delicacies like Roujiamo (Chinese hamburger), Yangrou Paomo (lamb bread soup), and various skewers, all prepared by generations of local vendors. The area around the Drum Tower and Muslim Quarter is also home to numerous tea houses and small shops selling local crafts and souvenirs, making it an ideal spot for an afternoon of exploration and souvenir hunting. Consider timing your visit for the evening when both the Drum Tower and Bell Tower are beautifully illuminated, casting a magical glow over the city center and offering fantastic photo opportunities.