What to see in Pisa

The Palazzo della Carovana stands proudly in Piazza dei Cavalieri, a square that serves as the historical and intellectual heart of Pisa. This magnificent building, now home to the prestigious Scuola Normale Superiore, is a testament to the city's rich past and its enduring commitment to education. Originally the seat of the Order of the Knights of St. Stephen, a military order founded by Cosimo I de' Medici in 1561 to combat Ottoman and Barbary piracy in the Mediterranean, the palace underwent a dramatic transformation under the masterful hand of Giorgio Vasari in the mid-16th century. Vasari, the renowned architect and painter, redesigned the existing medieval Palazzo degli Anziani (Palace of the Elders) to create the grand structure you see today. Its name, "Carovana," refers to the three-year period of training, or "carovana," that new knights had to undertake before becoming full members of the order, a fascinating detail that connects the building directly to its original purpose.

As you gaze upon its striking facade, you'll immediately notice the intricate sgraffito decoration, a unique technique where layers of plaster are scratched away to reveal contrasting colors beneath. These elaborate designs depict allegorical figures, zodiac signs, and heraldic symbols, all meticulously crafted by Vasari himself and his workshop. Above the ground floor, you'll also observe the busts of the Grand Dukes of Tuscany, including Cosimo I de' Medici, who initiated the order and the palace's reconstruction. This architectural masterpiece, with its rich historical layers, makes Piazza dei Cavalieri one of the truly best places to visit in Pisa, offering a deeper dive into the city's heritage beyond the iconic Leaning Tower. The square itself, also designed by Vasari, is a harmonious ensemble of Renaissance architecture, including the adjacent Church of Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri, another significant work by the same architect.

The palace's journey continued into the 19th century when Napoleon Bonaparte, in 1810, transformed it into the Scuola Normale Superiore. Inspired by the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, this institution quickly became, and remains, one of Italy's most elite universities, fostering generations of scholars, scientists, and intellectuals. Visiting the Palazzo della Carovana allows you to appreciate not only its stunning Renaissance architecture but also its profound historical and academic significance. While the interior is generally not open to the public as it functions as a university, its exterior and the surrounding Piazza dei Cavalieri offer ample opportunity for exploration and reflection.

The Pisa Cathedral, officially known as the Cattedrale Metropolitana Primaziale di Santa Maria Assunta, stands as a magnificent centerpiece within the renowned Piazza dei Miracoli. Consecrated in 1118, this architectural marvel is a prime example of Pisan Romanesque style, reflecting the city's immense wealth and maritime power during the 11th and 12th centuries. Its construction began in 1063, funded by the spoils of a naval victory against the Saracens in Palermo, symbolizing Pisa's dominance as a maritime republic. As you approach, admire its distinctive striped marble façade, a harmonious blend of white and grey stone, adorned with intricate arches, columns, and a stunning array of sculptures. The bronze doors, particularly the Porta di San Ranieri by Bonanno Pisano, depict scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary and are a true artistic highlight.

Inside, the sheer scale and beauty of the Cathedral are breathtaking. Your visit here is an essential part of understanding what to see in Pisa, offering a profound glimpse into its artistic and religious heritage. Look up to marvel at the gilded ceiling, a masterpiece of 17th-century craftsmanship, and the impressive mosaic of Christ Pantocrator in the apse, attributed to Cimabue. A true can’t-miss is the intricately carved marble pulpit by Giovanni Pisano, completed between 1302 and 1310. This masterpiece, depicting scenes from the life of Christ and the Last Judgment, is considered one of the greatest examples of Gothic sculpture. You might also notice the famous Galileo's Lamp, a bronze lamp hanging in the nave, which is said to have inspired Galileo Galilei's theory of the pendulum's oscillation, though this anecdote is likely apocryphal. The Cathedral's interior also houses the tomb of Saint Ranieri, Pisa's patron saint, and numerous other artworks and relics that tell the story of centuries of devotion and artistic endeavor.

Beyond the main nave, explore the transepts and chapels, each revealing more layers of history and art. The Cathedral is not just a building; it's a living museum that encapsulates the spirit of medieval Pisa. After immersing yourself in the grandeur of the Cathedral, step outside to fully appreciate its relationship with the other iconic structures in the Piazza dei Miracoli, including the Baptistery and the Camposanto Monumentale, all contributing to a UNESCO World Heritage site. To complete your experience, consider strolling just beyond the piazza's walls, where you'll find charming local cafes and gelaterias.

The Pisa Baptistery, a monumental structure within the renowned Piazza dei Miracoli, stands as the largest baptistery in Italy, offering a profound glimpse into medieval Italian architecture and religious artistry. Its construction commenced in 1152 under the direction of architect Diotisalvi, evolving over centuries with contributions from master sculptors and architects like Nicola Pisano and his son, Giovanni Pisano. This architectural evolution is evident in its design, which seamlessly transitions from the robust Romanesque style of its lower sections to the more ornate Gothic elements of its upper tiers and dome. As you step inside, you are immediately struck by the sheer scale and the unique, partially open dome, which allows natural light to flood the interior, creating an ethereal atmosphere. This grand edifice is undoubtedly one of the best places to visit in Pisa, not only for its visual splendor but also for its remarkable acoustic properties. Staff members often demonstrate these acoustics with a short vocal performance, allowing you to experience the incredible reverberation firsthand, a truly memorable moment that highlights the ingenuity of its medieval builders.

Beyond its architectural grandeur, the Pisa Baptistery houses artistic treasures that are pivotal to the history of Italian art. The magnificent hexagonal pulpit, carved by Nicola Pisano in 1260, is a true masterpiece of early Italian Gothic sculpture. Its intricate panels depict scenes from the life of Christ, showcasing a revolutionary naturalism and classical influence that prefigured the Renaissance. This pulpit is considered a landmark work, influencing generations of sculptors. Additionally, the baptismal font, crafted by Guido Bigarelli da Como, is another significant feature, reflecting the spiritual purpose of the building. Historically, the baptistery served as the site for the baptism of countless Pisan citizens, including notable figures throughout the centuries, connecting you directly to the city's rich past. Its proximity to the iconic Leaning Tower of Pisa and the majestic Pisa Cathedral makes it an integral part of the Piazza dei Miracoli complex, inviting you to explore a cohesive ensemble of architectural brilliance.

When planning your visit, allow ample time to appreciate the intricate details of the exterior, from the delicate tracery of the Gothic windows to the numerous sculptures adorning its facades. Inside, take a moment to absorb the serene ambiance and the historical weight of the space. The Pisa Baptistery is not just a building; it is a living testament to centuries of faith, art, and architectural innovation, offering a unique and enriching experience for every traveler.

The Keith Haring Mural (Tuttomondo), a vibrant and monumental artwork, graces the exterior wall of the Church of Sant'Antonio Abate in Pisa, near the city's central train station. This extraordinary piece, completed in 1989, stands as the only permanent public mural created by the iconic American artist Keith Haring. Its genesis was a chance encounter between Haring and a young Pisan student, Piergiorgio Castellani, who invited the artist to create a work for the city. Haring, known for his distinctive pop-art style and commitment to public art, embraced the project with enthusiasm, seeing it as an opportunity to leave a lasting message of peace and harmony in a public space. He dedicated a week to painting the massive 180-square-meter wall, transforming a previously nondescript surface into a dynamic canvas that pulsates with life and color. This mural is a testament to Haring's belief in art's power to communicate universal messages and be accessible to everyone, transcending traditional gallery spaces.

As you approach Tuttomondo, meaning “All World,” you'll be captivated by its characteristic Haring figures, each rendered with bold outlines and vibrant, interlocking forms. The mural features 30 distinct figures, each representing a different aspect of peace, harmony, and the interconnectedness of humanity and nature. For instance, you'll spot a man holding a dolphin, symbolizing humanity's relationship with the natural world, and a woman with a baby, representing motherhood and new life. A figure climbing a ladder signifies progress and aspiration, while others depict various human activities and emotions, all interwoven into a seamless, joyful composition. The sheer scale and intricate detail make it a fascinating study, offering new discoveries with every glance. Visiting Tuttomondo provides a refreshing contrast to the historical monuments that typically define Pisa attractions, offering a glimpse into contemporary art's significant presence within this ancient city. It's a powerful, optimistic statement that continues to resonate, inviting you to reflect on themes of unity and global understanding.

This open-air masterpiece is free admission and accessible at any time, allowing you to experience its vibrant energy at your leisure. Its location, just a short walk from the Pisa Centrale train station, makes it incredibly convenient for travelers arriving or departing by rail. After immersing yourself in Haring's world, consider exploring the bustling area around Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II, which is just a stone's throw away. Here, you'll find a variety of cafes and eateries where you can savor a traditional Italian coffee or enjoy a quick bite. For instance, the historic Caffè dell'Ussero, though a bit further towards the Arno, or more modern options closer to the station, offer pleasant spots to relax. The mural serves as a vibrant gateway to the city, inviting you to discover not only its iconic landmarks but also its lesser-known, yet equally compelling, artistic treasures.

The Square of Miracles (Piazza dei Miracoli), officially known as Piazza del Duomo, is a magnificent walled 8.9-hectare area in Pisa, Tuscany, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987. This iconic complex is home to four masterpieces of medieval architecture: the Pisa Cathedral, the Pisa Baptistery, the Leaning Tower of Pisa (the cathedral's campanile), and the Camposanto Monumentale (Monumental Cemetery). As you step onto this hallowed ground, you're immediately transported back to the height of Pisa's power as a maritime republic, with each structure showcasing the city's immense wealth and artistic prowess during the 11th to 14th centuries. The sheer scale and intricate details of these buildings are truly captivating, inviting you to explore the rich history embedded within their walls.

Beyond the famous tilt of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, which you can ascend for breathtaking views, there's so much more to discover within this extraordinary square. The Pisa Cathedral, dedicated to Santa Maria Assunta, is a stunning example of Pisan Romanesque architecture, featuring a dazzling façade of grey marble and white stone, adorned with polychrome marble, and intricate sculptures. Inside, marvel at the exquisite mosaic of Christ in Majesty in the apse, and don't miss the magnificent pulpit carved by Giovanni Pisano between 1302 and 1310, a true masterpiece of Gothic sculpture depicting scenes from the life of Christ. Adjacent to the cathedral, the Pisa Baptistery, the largest in Italy, boasts remarkable acoustics – listen for the guides demonstrating its echo. Its construction spanned centuries, resulting in a blend of Romanesque and Gothic styles, and it houses another impressive pulpit, this one by Nicola Pisano, Giovanni's father, completed in 1260. Finally, the Camposanto Monumentale, or "sacred field," is said to contain earth brought back from Golgotha during the Crusades. This cloistered cemetery is adorned with stunning frescoes, though many were damaged during World War II, and houses numerous Roman sarcophagi. When considering what to see in Pisa, dedicating ample time to the Square of Miracles is paramount, as it encapsulates the city's historical and artistic zenith.

To fully appreciate your visit, consider exploring the surrounding streets after immersing yourself in the square's wonders. You'll find charming local eateries and cafes just a short stroll away, perfect for savoring authentic Tuscan flavors. For instance, many small, family-run trattorias near Via Santa Maria offer delightful local cuisine. The Square of Miracles is not just a collection of buildings; it's a testament to human ingenuity, artistic ambition, and scientific curiosity, famously linked to Galileo Galilei, who is said to have conducted experiments on falling objects from the Leaning Tower.

The Museum of Ancient Ships of Pisa, nestled within the historic Arsenali Medicei along the Arno River, offers a truly unparalleled journey into the maritime past of Pisa. This remarkable museum showcases an extraordinary collection of ancient Roman ships and their cargo, unearthed during an accidental discovery in 1998 near the Pisa San Rossore railway station. What began as routine railway work quickly transformed into one of the most significant archaeological finds in recent Italian history. Over several years, archaeologists meticulously excavated and restored more than 30 ancient vessels, ranging from large cargo ships that plied the Mediterranean to smaller riverboats and even military vessels. The unique anoxic conditions of the ancient riverbed, buried under layers of mud and clay, perfectly preserved these wooden marvels, offering an unprecedented glimpse into Roman shipbuilding techniques, trade routes, and daily life. You will be captivated by the sheer scale of the vessels, some almost perfectly intact, and the thousands of artifacts recovered alongside them, including amphorae, personal belongings, tools, and even organic remains.

Exploring the Museum of Ancient Ships of Pisa provides a profound understanding of Pisa's often-overlooked role as a powerful Roman port city, long before its medieval maritime republic fame. While you are exploring what to see in Pisa, beyond the iconic Leaning Tower and the Piazza dei Miracoli, this museum reveals a different facet of the city's rich heritage. Each ship tells a story of its crew, its voyages, and the goods it transported, painting a vivid picture of a bustling ancient world. For instance, you can observe the intricate joinery of the ship hulls, the types of wood used, and the ingenious methods the Romans employed for navigation and cargo handling. The museum also highlights the immense challenges and innovative solutions involved in excavating and preserving such delicate, waterlogged wooden structures. It's a testament to modern archaeology and conservation efforts. After your visit, consider a stroll along the Arno River or grab a coffee at a nearby café. For a delightful local treat, the renowned Gelateria De' Coltelli, famous for its artisanal gelato, is just a short walk away on the Lungarno, offering a perfect sweet ending to your historical exploration.

This museum is not just for history buffs; it's an engaging experience for anyone curious about ancient civilizations and the ingenuity of human endeavor. You'll gain a deeper appreciation for the engineering prowess of the Romans and the vital role that maritime transport played in their empire. The detailed exhibits, often featuring multimedia displays, bring the stories of these ancient mariners to life, allowing you to visualize the bustling port of Pisa two millennia ago.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa, known worldwide for its distinctive tilt, stands proudly in the Piazza dei Miracoli (Square of Miracles), a UNESCO World Heritage site that also encompasses the Pisa Cathedral, the Baptistery, and the Camposanto Monumentale. Construction of this iconic bell tower began in August 1173, intended to be a freestanding campanile for the adjacent cathedral. However, just five years into its construction, when the tower had reached its third story, it began to lean due to the soft, unstable subsoil and an inadequate foundation. This unexpected tilt led to a halt in construction for almost a century, a fortunate pause that allowed the underlying soil to settle, preventing an immediate collapse. When work resumed in 1272 under the guidance of Giovanni di Simone, engineers attempted to correct the lean by building the upper floors with one side taller than the other, giving the tower its characteristic curve. The bell chamber was finally added in the mid-14th century by Tommaso Pisano, completing the structure after nearly 200 years.

Visiting the Leaning Tower of Pisa offers a truly unique experience, allowing you to witness firsthand one of the most famous architectural blunders turned masterpieces. Beyond its striking appearance, the tower is steeped in history and legend. It is famously associated with Galileo Galilei, who, according to an apocryphal tale, dropped two cannonballs of different masses from its top to demonstrate that their descent time was independent of their mass. While the story's accuracy is debated, it adds to the tower's mystique. Over centuries, numerous efforts have been made to prevent its collapse, with significant stabilization work undertaken in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, notably under the supervision of engineer Michele Jamiolkowski, which reduced the lean and secured its future for at least another 200 years. Climbing the 294 steps to the top provides breathtaking panoramic views of Pisa and the surrounding Tuscan landscape, an unforgettable perspective on the city.

When considering things to do in Pisa, exploring the Leaning Tower is undoubtedly the highlight, but your visit to the Piazza dei Miracoli should extend to admiring the intricate details of the Cathedral and the impressive acoustics of the Baptistery. After soaking in the architectural wonders, take a leisurely stroll through the charming streets of Pisa's historic center. You'll find numerous trattorias and cafes where you can savor authentic Tuscan cuisine, from fresh pasta to local wines, offering a taste of the region's culinary delights. While there isn't one single "famous" fashion store or bakery directly adjacent to the tower, the area around Borgo Stretto and Corso Italia offers a delightful array of shops and eateries, perfect for a post-sightseeing exploration.

The Church of San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno stands as a magnificent testament to Pisa's rich medieval past, often affectionately referred to as the "Duomo Vecchio" or Old Cathedral. This title reflects its significant role as the city's main cathedral before the construction of the iconic Pisa Cathedral in the Piazza dei Miracoli. Nestled gracefully along the southern bank of the Arno River, its serene presence offers a tranquil escape from the bustling tourist paths. You'll immediately be captivated by its quintessential Pisan-Romanesque architecture, characterized by a striking façade adorned with blind arches and two tiers of elegant loggias. This architectural style, which flourished in Pisa, is a harmonious blend of classical, early Christian, and Byzantine influences, making the church a prime example of the city's artistic prowess during its maritime republic era. Its origins trace back to an earlier church from the 9th or 10th century, with the current structure largely taking shape between the 11th and 12th centuries, showcasing centuries of architectural evolution.

Stepping inside, you'll discover a spacious interior divided into three naves by sturdy columns, creating an atmosphere of solemn grandeur. The church houses several ancient sarcophagi, some of which are believed to contain the remains of prominent Pisan figures, offering a tangible link to the city's illustrious history. While many visitors flock to the more famous Pisa attractions, such as the Leaning Tower and the Baptistery, the Church of San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno provides a deeper dive into the city's architectural heritage without the crowds. It served as a vital center for both religious and civic life, witnessing countless ceremonies and events that shaped Pisa's identity. Its strategic location by the river also highlights Pisa's historical connection to maritime trade and its role as a powerful naval force in the Mediterranean.

A visit to the Church of San Paolo a Ripa d'Arno is an opportunity to appreciate the intricate details of Pisan Romanesque art and architecture in a more intimate setting. It's a chance to reflect on the city's foundational history, predating its most famous landmarks. The peaceful surroundings make it an ideal spot for quiet contemplation and photography, allowing you to truly soak in the authentic atmosphere of Pisa.

The Camposanto Monumentale, located within the iconic Piazza dei Miracoli in Pisa, stands as a profound testament to art, history, and the human condition. Often overshadowed by its more famous neighbor, the Leaning Tower, this monumental cemetery offers a serene and contemplative experience, making it one of the best places to visit in Pisa for those seeking depth beyond the postcard views. Construction began in 1277 under Archbishop Federico Visconti, who envisioned a sacred burial ground built upon soil reputedly brought back from Golgotha during the Fourth Crusade. The architect, Giovanni di Simone, designed a striking rectangular cloister, characterized by its elegant Gothic arches and a vast central lawn. This unique structure served as a final resting place for Pisa's most prominent citizens, housing an impressive collection of Roman sarcophagi and sculptures, many of which are still visible today, offering a fascinating glimpse into ancient funerary art.

Step inside, and you'll discover a tranquil courtyard surrounded by arcades that once housed a magnificent cycle of frescoes. These masterpieces, including the renowned Triumph of Death attributed to Buonamico Buffalmacco, depicted vivid scenes of life, death, and the afterlife, serving as powerful visual sermons. Tragically, many of these frescoes were severely damaged during World War II when an Allied bomb ignited the building's lead roof, causing molten lead to drip onto the artworks. However, extensive restoration efforts are ongoing, and you can still observe the painstaking work of conservators bringing these historical treasures back to life, or admire the sinopie (underdrawings) that were preserved. The Camposanto Monumentale is not merely a cemetery; it's an open-air museum, a quiet sanctuary where you can reflect on the passage of time and the enduring power of art.

The Borgo Stretto is one of Pisa's most enchanting and historically significant streets, inviting you to step back in time while enjoying a vibrant contemporary atmosphere. This ancient thoroughfare, with its distinctive medieval arcades, known as loggiati, has served as the city's commercial heart for centuries. As you stroll beneath these elegant arches, you'll discover a fascinating blend of history and modern life, making it a quintessential part of your exploration of things to do in Pisa. The street's origins trace back to the early Middle Ages, evolving from a simple path along the Arno River into a bustling hub for merchants and artisans during Pisa's golden age as a powerful maritime republic. The arcades themselves were built to protect shoppers and goods from the elements, a testament to the city's foresight and commercial prowess. They offer a unique architectural feature that sets this street apart.

Beyond its historical charm, Borgo Stretto offers a delightful array of experiences. You'll find an eclectic mix of traditional boutiques, contemporary fashion stores, and artisan workshops selling local crafts and souvenirs. It's the perfect place to find unique gifts or simply indulge in some window shopping. Don't miss the opportunity to pause at one of the many charming cafes or historic pasticcerie that line the street. For instance, the renowned Pasticceria Salza, a true institution in Pisa since 1890, offers delectable pastries and coffee, providing a sweet respite from your explorations. Imagine enjoying a traditional Italian breakfast or an afternoon treat in a setting that has welcomed generations of Pisans and visitors alike. The street's proximity to other key landmarks, such as the elegant Piazza dei Cavalieri and the picturesque Arno River embankment, makes it an ideal starting point or a pleasant detour during your visit to the city.

Visiting Borgo Stretto allows you to immerse yourself in the authentic rhythm of Pisan life, far from the more crowded tourist spots around the Leaning Tower. It’s a place where you can observe locals going about their day, savor traditional flavors, and appreciate the architectural beauty that defines this part of Pisa. The street truly embodies the spirit of the city, offering a glimpse into its rich past while remaining a lively and essential part of its present.

The Royal Palace of Pisa, known locally as Palazzo Reale, stands majestically along the Arno River, offering a glimpse into the opulent lives of Tuscany's former rulers. Originally conceived in the 16th century for the powerful Medici family, this grand residence was designed by the renowned architect Bernardo Buontalenti. Over centuries, it transitioned through the hands of the House of Lorraine and later the House of Savoy, each leaving their indelible mark on its architecture and interiors. While many visitors flock to the iconic Piazza dei Miracoli to marvel at the Leaning Tower, exploring the Royal Palace provides a richer, more intimate understanding of Pisa's historical depth beyond its famous landmark. It’s a chance to step away from the bustling crowds and immerse yourself in a different facet of the city's heritage.

Within the Royal Palace, you'll discover the National Museum of the Royal Palace (Museo Nazionale di Palazzo Reale), which houses an impressive collection of art, furnishings, and artifacts that once belonged to the noble families who resided here. Wander through the lavishly decorated royal apartments, adorned with exquisite tapestries, period furniture, and portraits that tell tales of power and prestige. You'll encounter works by Pisan and Tuscan artists, offering a comprehensive overview of regional artistic styles. An intriguing historical anecdote connected to this very palace involves the legendary scientist Galileo Galilei. While he is famously associated with the Leaning Tower, it was from a window of this palace, or a nearby one, that he is said to have presented his groundbreaking telescope to the Grand Duke of Tuscany, showcasing his revolutionary astronomical observations. This connection highlights the palace's role not just as a residence, but as a stage for significant historical and scientific moments. When considering what to see in Pisa, this palace offers a compelling counterpoint to the more widely known attractions, providing a deeper dive into the city's aristocratic past and cultural evolution.

Visiting the Royal Palace of Pisa allows you to appreciate the grandeur and artistic tastes of the Medici, Lorraine, and Savoy dynasties. The museum's carefully curated exhibits provide context for the political and social landscape of Tuscany throughout the centuries. As you explore, imagine the grand balls, diplomatic meetings, and daily lives that unfolded within these very walls. After your visit, take a leisurely stroll along the Lungarno, where you can find charming cafes and traditional trattorias to savor local Pisan delights, reflecting on the rich history you've just uncovered.