What to see in Paris

The Notre Dame Cathedral stands as an enduring symbol of Paris, a magnificent Gothic masterpiece that has graced the Île de la Cité for centuries. Its construction, spanning from the 12th to the 14th century, showcases an incredible feat of medieval engineering and artistry, characterized by its soaring spires, intricate gargoyles, and the revolutionary use of flying buttresses that allowed for its immense stained-glass windows. Even as restoration continues following the devastating 2019 fire, its majestic silhouette remains a powerful presence on the Parisian skyline, inviting you to witness its resilience and rich history.

When considering what to see in Paris, a visit to the area around Notre Dame is essential to grasp the city's historical heart. This iconic cathedral has been at the epicenter of French history, witnessing pivotal events such as the coronation of Napoleon I in 1804 and the beatification of Joan of Arc in 1909. Its fame was further cemented by Victor Hugo's 1831 novel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, which not only brought the neglected edifice to international attention but also spurred significant restoration efforts in the 19th century. Today, you can observe the meticulous work of artisans bringing this beloved landmark back to its former glory, a testament to the enduring spirit of Paris. The ongoing restoration offers a unique perspective on the dedication required to preserve such a monumental piece of heritage, making it a truly compelling stop on your Parisian journey.

After admiring the cathedral's exterior and the ongoing efforts, take a moment to explore the charming Île de la Cité itself. Stroll through the surrounding streets, where you'll find the stunning Sainte-Chapelle with its breathtaking stained glass, and the historic Conciergerie, a former royal palace and revolutionary prison. For a delightful treat, cross the bridge to the adjacent Île Saint-Louis and savor a scoop of artisanal ice cream from the renowned Berthillon, a true Parisian institution. Or, venture into the nearby Latin Quarter, just a short walk across the Petit Pont, where you can discover charming bookstores like Shakespeare and Company and enjoy a classic French meal at one of its many traditional brasseries.

The Hôtel des Invalides, a monumental complex in the heart of Paris, stands as a profound testament to France's military history and a beacon of its architectural grandeur. Commissioned by King Louis XIV in 1670, its original purpose was to serve as a home and hospital for aged and infirm soldiers, a revolutionary concept for its time that underscored the monarch's commitment to his veterans. Today, this sprawling complex remains a vibrant institution, housing the Musée de l'Armée (Army Museum), the Musée des Plans-Reliefs (Museum of Model Fortifications), and the final resting place of Napoleon Bonaparte beneath the magnificent Dôme des Invalides.

As you explore this iconic site, you'll discover why it's considered one of the essential Paris attractions. The Musée de l'Armée offers an unparalleled journey through centuries of French military prowess, from the gleaming armor of medieval knights and the intricate weaponry of the Renaissance to the uniforms and personal effects of soldiers from the Napoleonic Wars and both World Wars. Wander through its vast halls and you'll encounter fascinating exhibits detailing key battles, strategic innovations, and the lives of legendary figures. It's also worth noting that the armory at Les Invalides was famously stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789, providing them with weapons that fueled the early stages of the French Revolution, a pivotal moment in history. The sheer scale of the collection is impressive, providing a comprehensive overview of France's martial past. Beyond the museum, the Dôme des Invalides, designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, is a breathtaking architectural masterpiece. Its golden dome, visible from many points across the city, crowns the tomb of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose sarcophagus rests in a crypt beneath the dome, surrounded by statues representing his victories. The solemnity and grandeur of this space are truly moving, offering a powerful reflection on one of history's most influential leaders. Don't miss the adjacent Cathédrale Saint-Louis des Invalides, where you can admire the flags captured from enemies throughout French history.

To truly appreciate the experience, allow ample time to delve into the various sections. After immersing yourself in history, consider a leisurely stroll to the nearby Rue Cler, a charming pedestrian street renowned for its vibrant market atmosphere. Here, you can savor authentic French pastries from a local boulangerie or enjoy a coffee at one of its inviting cafes, providing a delightful contrast to the solemnity of Les Invalides.

The Palace of Versailles stands as a magnificent testament to French artistry and royal ambition, drawing millions of visitors annually to its opulent halls and sprawling gardens. Originally a humble hunting lodge for Louis XIII, it was his son, Louis XIV, the Sun King, who transformed it into the dazzling seat of absolute monarchy in the 17th century. This monumental undertaking involved thousands of workers and decades of construction, resulting in a complex that epitomized the grandeur and power of the French crown. As you explore its vast grounds, you'll quickly understand why it's considered one of the best places to visit in Versailles, offering an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of French royalty.

Step inside the Palace itself and prepare to be awestruck by the sheer scale and intricate details. The most iconic space is undoubtedly the Hall of Mirrors (Galerie des Glaces), a breathtaking 73-meter-long gallery adorned with 17 large arched windows overlooking the gardens, mirrored by 17 equally grand arched mirrors on the opposite wall. This dazzling hall, illuminated by gilded candelabras, was where courtiers gathered and where significant historical events, such as the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, took place, formally ending World War I. Beyond the main palace, wander through the King's State Apartments and the Queen's State Apartments, each room meticulously restored to reflect the lavish lifestyle of monarchs like Marie Antoinette. Her personal domain, the Petit Trianon, and the rustic charm of her Queen's Hamlet (Hameau de la Reine) offer a more intimate, yet equally fascinating, perspective on royal life, revealing her desire for a simpler, pastoral existence away from the rigid court etiquette.

Beyond the palace walls, the Gardens of Versailles are a masterpiece of classical French landscape design by André Le Nôtre. Stroll along the meticulously manicured lawns, discover hidden groves, and marvel at the elaborate fountains, many of which operate only on specific days for the "Musical Fountains Show" or "Musical Gardens." Rent a rowboat on the Grand Canal for a unique perspective of the palace, or cycle through the extensive parkland. While the immediate vicinity of the palace is primarily historical, the town of Versailles itself offers charming streets with local boutiques and cafes. For a delightful culinary experience after your visit, consider exploring the nearby Marché Notre-Dame, a vibrant market where you can find local delicacies and fresh produce, or perhaps enjoy a traditional French pastry from one of the many excellent bakeries in the town center, such as Boulangerie Pâtisserie Au Petit Versailles, a local favorite.

The Eiffel Tower, an undisputed emblem of Paris and France, stands majestically on the Champ de Mars, inviting you to discover its rich history and breathtaking views. Conceived by Gustave Eiffel's company for the 1889 Exposition Universelle, this wrought-iron lattice tower was initially intended as a temporary structure, a grand entrance arch to the World's Fair. Despite initial public skepticism and criticism from prominent artists and intellectuals who deemed it an eyesore, the Eiffel Tower quickly became a symbol of modern engineering prowess and a testament to human ingenuity. For over four decades, it held the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world, a remarkable feat for its time. Its survival beyond its planned demolition was largely due to its strategic value as a radio antenna, a role that proved crucial during World War I, intercepting enemy communications and even jamming German radio transmissions. This iconic landmark is undeniably one of the best places to visit in Paris, offering an unparalleled perspective of the city.

Ascend to its various levels to experience different facets of its grandeur. The first floor provides fascinating exhibits on the tower's history and a transparent floor for a thrilling view directly below. The second floor offers expansive panoramic vistas, perfect for identifying key Parisian landmarks like the Arc de Triomphe, the Louvre Museum, and Notre Dame Cathedral. For the ultimate experience, journey to the summit, where you can truly grasp the vastness of the cityscape from Gustave Eiffel's recreated office. Consider dining at one of its acclaimed restaurants, such as Madame Brasserie on the first floor or the Michelin-starred Jules Verne on the second, for an unforgettable culinary experience with a view. As evening falls, witness the tower's magical hourly light show, where thousands of sparkling lights illuminate the structure, transforming it into a dazzling spectacle.

Beyond its architectural marvel, the Eiffel Tower is steeped in intriguing anecdotes. Did you know it's repainted every seven years, requiring 60 tons of paint? Or that in 1925, a con artist named Victor Lustig famously "sold" the tower for scrap metal, twice? Another curious tale involves Franz Reichelt, a tailor who tragically jumped from the first level in 1912 while testing a parachute he designed. When you visit, take a moment to appreciate the surrounding area; stroll through the sprawling Champ de Mars for a picnic with the tower as your backdrop, or head towards Place du Trocadéro for the most iconic photo opportunities.

The Luxembourg Gardens, or Jardin du Luxembourg, invites you to step into a serene oasis nestled between Saint-Germain-des-Prés and the Latin Quarter in Paris. This magnificent 23-hectare park, a true Parisian jewel, offers a delightful escape from the city's bustling streets. You'll find yourself surrounded by meticulously manicured lawns, vibrant flowerbeds, and tree-lined promenades, creating an atmosphere of timeless elegance. The gardens were commissioned by Marie de' Medici, the widow of King Henry IV and regent for Louis XIII, in 1612. She sought to recreate the splendor of the Boboli Gardens from her native Florence, building the grand Luxembourg Palace (now home to the French Senate) as her residence. This historical connection imbues the park with a rich sense of royal heritage, making it a fascinating destination for anyone interested in French history and landscape design.

As you wander through the Luxembourg Gardens, you'll discover why it's considered one of the best places to visit in Paris. The park is adorned with over a hundred statues, including the iconic series of French queens and famous women, adding a touch of artistic grandeur to your stroll. Don't miss the enchanting Medici Fountain (Fontaine de Médicis), a stunning grotto fountain completed in 1630, offering a picturesque spot for quiet contemplation. For a more active experience, observe locals playing chess or pétanque, or watch children sail miniature boats on the central grand basin, a beloved Parisian tradition. The park also features an orangery, an apiary where beekeeping is taught, and the charming Théâtre des Marionnettes du Jardin du Luxembourg, a classic puppet show that delights younger visitors. You can simply relax on one of the many green chairs scattered throughout the park, soaking in the Parisian ambiance.

Beyond its beauty and historical depth, the Luxembourg Gardens offers a vibrant slice of Parisian life. Its proximity to the intellectual hub of the Latin Quarter and the chic boutiques and renowned cafes of Saint-Germain-des-Prés means you're perfectly positioned to explore more of the city's delights. After a leisurely afternoon in the gardens, you might stroll towards Rue de Buci or Rue Bonaparte to discover charming bakeries offering exquisite pastries or enjoy a coffee at a legendary cafe like Café de Flore or Les Deux Magots, just a short walk away.

Montmartre invites you to step back in time and explore one of Paris's most iconic and charming neighborhoods. Perched atop a large hill in the 18th arrondissement, this historic district offers a unique village-like atmosphere with its winding cobbled streets, picturesque squares, and breathtaking panoramic views of the city. It's a place where art, history, and bohemian spirit converge, making it a truly unmissable experience for any traveler.

Historically, Montmartre was a rural village outside Paris until its annexation in 1860, retaining its distinct character. It became the epicenter of artistic innovation during the Belle Époque, attracting a constellation of legendary artists who found inspiration in its vibrant energy and affordable rents. Imagine Pablo Picasso creating masterpieces in the Bateau-Lavoir studio, Vincent van Gogh capturing the local landscapes, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec immortalizing the lively scenes of the Moulin Rouge cabaret. You can still feel their presence as you wander through Place du Tertre, where contemporary artists continue the tradition, sketching portraits and selling their works. Dominating the skyline is the magnificent Sacré-Cœur Basilica, a stunning white-domed church offering unparalleled vistas of the Parisian cityscape from its steps. Beyond its artistic legacy, Montmartre holds deeper historical roots, including the legend of Saint Denis, Paris's patron saint, who is said to have walked with his head in his hands after his martyrdom on this very hill. For those seeking the best places to visit in Paris, Montmartre offers a blend of cultural immersion and scenic beauty.

As you explore, discover hidden gems like the Musée de Montmartre, which chronicles the area's artistic past, or the whimsical Lapin Agile cabaret, a historic haunt for artists and writers. Don't miss the chance to stroll through the charming vineyards of Clos Montmartre, one of the last remaining vineyards in Paris. For a delightful culinary break, consider stopping by Le Grenier à Pain, a renowned bakery known for its award-winning baguettes, or enjoy a coffee at the iconic Le Consulat café, a favorite spot for artists in days gone by. While Montmartre isn't primarily a fashion hub, its quaint boutiques offer unique finds.

The Sainte-Chapelle, nestled on the Île de la Cité in the heart of Paris, stands as an unparalleled masterpiece of Gothic architecture, particularly renowned for its breathtaking stained-glass windows. Commissioned by King Louis IX (later canonized as Saint Louis) in the mid-13th century, this royal chapel was conceived not just as a place of worship, but as a magnificent reliquary designed to house the most precious relics of Christendom, including Christ's Crown of Thorns and a piece of the True Cross. These sacred objects were acquired by Louis IX from the Byzantine Emperor Baldwin II, elevating Paris to a spiritual capital of Europe and solidifying the king's devout image. When you step inside, you'll immediately understand why it's considered one of the most captivating Paris attractions.

The true marvel of Sainte-Chapelle lies in its upper chapel, where the walls seem to vanish, replaced by an ethereal kaleidoscope of light filtering through fifteen towering stained-glass windows, each reaching over 15 meters (50 feet) high. These vibrant panels, totaling over 1,113 individual scenes, narrate a comprehensive biblical history, from Genesis to the arrival of the relics in Paris, culminating in the Passion of Christ. Imagine the medieval artisans meticulously crafting these intricate narratives, using techniques that allowed for such expansive glasswork, a hallmark of the Rayonnant Gothic style. The sheer scale and artistic detail are astounding, making it feel as though you are enveloped within a jewel box. Below, the more modest lower chapel, adorned with frescoes and a beautiful vaulted ceiling, served the palace staff and offers a fascinating contrast to the dazzling upper sanctuary.

To fully appreciate the chapel's splendor, time your visit for a sunny day when the light truly ignites the stained glass, transforming the interior into a vibrant, otherworldly space. While the original relics are now primarily housed at Notre-Dame Cathedral (and some at the Louvre and Bibliothèque Nationale de France), the chapel itself remains a powerful testament to medieval artistry and devotion. After your visit, take a moment to explore the charming Île de la Cité. You're just a short stroll from the historic Conciergerie, another significant site from the former royal palace, and the delightful Marché aux Fleurs et aux Oiseaux Cité, a vibrant flower and bird market.

The Pont Neuf, despite its name meaning "New Bridge," is actually the oldest standing bridge in Paris, a true testament to the city's enduring history. Its construction began in 1578 under King Henry III and was finally completed in 1607 during the reign of King Henry IV. This iconic structure marked a significant departure from previous Parisian bridges. Unlike its predecessors, the Pont Neuf was the first not to be burdened with houses or shops built directly upon its arches, a revolutionary design choice that offered unobstructed, breathtaking views of the Seine River and the cityscapes beyond. This innovative design also included the city's first sidewalks, providing a safer and more pleasant experience for pedestrians. As you stroll across its ancient stones, you're walking on a path that has witnessed centuries of Parisian life unfold.

Visiting the Pont Neuf is an essential part of exploring the historical heart of Paris. It's not just a bridge; it's a vibrant artery connecting the Right Bank, the western tip of Île de la Cité, and the Left Bank, making it a perfect starting point for many things to do in Paris. Take your time to admire the 12 stone arches and the 381 grotesque masks, known as "mascarons," that adorn its cornices, each one unique and a fascinating detail from the 17th century. At the western point of Île de la Cité, nestled at the bridge's base, you'll find the tranquil Square du Vert-Galant, a charming triangular park named after King Henry IV (the "Vert-Galant" meaning "Green Gallant" for his amorous nature). Here, you can sit by the water's edge, watch the bateaux-mouches glide by, and truly soak in the Parisian atmosphere. The bridge itself was historically a bustling public space, a stage for street performers, peddlers, and even tooth pullers, reflecting its role as a central gathering point for Parisians.

From the Pont Neuf, you're perfectly positioned to capture stunning photographs of the Louvre Museum on one side and the majestic, albeit currently undergoing restoration, Notre Dame Cathedral in the distance. Its strategic location means you're just steps away from the newly renovated Samaritaine department store on the Right Bank, a magnificent example of Art Nouveau and Art Deco architecture offering luxury shopping and dining. On the Left Bank, the bridge leads you directly into the vibrant Latin Quarter and Saint-Germain-des-Prés neighborhoods, renowned for their historic cafes, bookstores, and bohemian charm.

The Sacré-Cœur Basilica, perched majestically atop the Butte Montmartre, offers an unforgettable experience for anyone exploring Paris. Its distinctive white domes and Romano-Byzantine architecture stand out against the Parisian skyline, making it one of the city's most recognizable landmarks. As you approach, you'll notice the unique, almost luminous quality of its stone, a special travertine that naturally bleaches with rain, ensuring its pristine appearance. This architectural marvel was conceived in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune, serving as a national vow and a symbol of hope and penance for France. Construction began in 1875, and it was finally consecrated in 1919, becoming a beacon of spiritual significance.

Stepping inside, you are immediately enveloped by a sense of grandeur and tranquility. The interior is dominated by one of the world's largest mosaics, the Christ in Glory, depicting a resplendent Christ with outstretched arms, a truly breathtaking sight. The basilica is also renowned for its perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, a tradition that has continued uninterrupted since 1885, creating a profound spiritual atmosphere. Beyond its religious importance, the Sacré-Cœur Basilica is a key highlight among Paris attractions due to its rich history and the incredible panoramic views it affords. From its parvis, you can gaze across the entire city, identifying landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame Cathedral, and the Panthéon, making it an ideal spot for capturing stunning photographs and appreciating the vastness of Paris.

To truly appreciate the Sacré-Cœur Basilica, allow time to explore not just the basilica itself, but also the charming neighborhood of Montmartre that surrounds it. Wander through the cobblestone streets, discover the artistic ambiance of Place du Tertre where artists paint and sell their works, and soak in the bohemian spirit. After your visit, consider stopping by Le Consulat, a historic café just a short stroll away, for a classic Parisian coffee or a meal, immersing yourself further in the local charm.

The Seine River Cruise offers a distinctive and enchanting perspective of Paris, allowing you to glide through the heart of the city that has historically thrived along its banks. This iconic waterway, the River Seine, has been the lifeblood of Paris for centuries, serving as a vital trade route, a source of inspiration for artists, and a silent witness to countless historical events. Embarking on a cruise provides a unique opportunity to appreciate the city's architectural grandeur and vibrant atmosphere from a serene vantage point, revealing the intricate details of its bridges and monuments that might be missed from street level.

As you drift along the Seine, you'll encounter a parade of legendary landmarks that define the Parisian skyline. Marvel at the majestic Eiffel Tower, its iron lattice shimmering, especially as dusk falls and its lights begin to twinkle. Gaze upon the stoic beauty of Notre Dame Cathedral, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, and the grand facades of the Louvre Museum, home to world-renowned art. Further along, the former railway station turned art museum, the Musée d'Orsay, stands proudly, showcasing Impressionist and Post-Impressionist masterpieces. You'll also pass under historic bridges like the Pont Neuf, the oldest standing bridge across the Seine, which despite its name ("New Bridge") dates back to the late 16th century. The river itself is steeped in history; it was around the Île de la Cité, an island in the Seine, that the Roman settlement of Lutetia, the precursor to Paris, first began. The river has seen the passage of kings, emperors like Napoleon Bonaparte, and the transformation of the city under Baron Haussmann in the 19th century.

Among the many things to do in Paris, a Seine River Cruise stands out as a relaxing yet immersive experience. Whether you choose a daytime journey to soak in the sunlit views or an evening cruise to witness the city illuminated, the experience is undeniably magical. Many cruises depart from convenient locations near the Eiffel Tower or the Pont Neuf, areas bustling with charming cafes and restaurants where you can savor a traditional French meal before or after your voyage. You might even spot the famous bouquinistes, the second-hand booksellers whose green stalls line the riverbanks, a tradition dating back to the 16th century.

The Latin Quarter, nestled on the Left Bank of the Seine in Paris, invites you to step back in time and immerse yourself in centuries of intellectual and bohemian history. This vibrant district, renowned for its prestigious universities and lively student population, derives its name from the Latin language, which was once the lingua franca of its academic institutions, most notably the venerable Sorbonne University. As you wander through its labyrinthine cobblestone streets, you'll discover a unique blend of ancient Roman ruins, medieval architecture, and a buzzing contemporary atmosphere. It's a place where history breathes, and every corner seems to whisper tales of philosophers, writers, and revolutionaries who once called it home. This area has long been the heart of Parisian intellectual life, fostering groundbreaking ideas and artistic movements.

Exploring the Latin Quarter offers a captivating glimpse into the soul of Paris, making it one of the essential things to do in Paris for those seeking more than just iconic landmarks. You can marvel at the majestic Panthéon, a neoclassical mausoleum housing the remains of distinguished French citizens like Victor Hugo, Marie Curie, and Voltaire. Nearby, the Musée de Cluny, also known as the National Museum of the Middle Ages, showcases a remarkable collection of medieval art and artifacts, including the exquisite 'The Lady and the Unicorn' tapestries, set within a medieval abbey and Roman baths. Stroll through the serene Luxembourg Gardens, a perfect spot for relaxation, people-watching, or enjoying a picnic amidst statues and fountains. The district's rich past includes the student uprisings of May 1968, which largely originated from the universities here, cementing its reputation as a hub of dissent and intellectual ferment. Literary enthusiasts will find solace in the legendary independent bookstore Shakespeare and Company, a haven for English-language books and a historic meeting point for writers like Ernest Hemingway and James Joyce during their Parisian years. This bookstore, with its unique charm and resident cats, is a must-visit.

Beyond its historical significance, the Latin Quarter pulsates with a lively contemporary energy. Its streets are lined with an abundance of traditional French bistros, charming cafes, and bustling creperies, offering delightful culinary experiences from quick bites to leisurely meals. You'll find a diverse range of eateries, from student-friendly spots to more upscale dining options. The area is also known for its vibrant nightlife, with numerous jazz clubs and bars where you can enjoy live music and soak in the Parisian ambiance late into the evening. While not a primary fashion district, you'll discover quaint boutiques and vintage shops tucked away on side streets, perfect for unique finds. The overall atmosphere encourages leisurely exploration; simply wandering its charming alleys, discovering hidden squares, and soaking in the intellectual and artistic spirit is an experience in itself.

The Tuileries Garden, nestled between the Louvre Museum and the Place de la Concorde, offers a magnificent green expanse in the heart of Paris. This historic garden, a quintessential example of French formal garden design, invites you to step into a landscape shaped by centuries of royal and public life. Originally commissioned by Catherine de' Medici in 1564 as the garden for her Tuileries Palace, it was conceived as a private royal sanctuary. The palace itself, a grand residence that once stood where the garden now extends towards the Louvre, was unfortunately destroyed by fire during the Paris Commune in 1871, leaving the garden as its enduring legacy. You'll find yourself walking paths that were once trodden by French monarchs and revolutionaries alike, making it a truly immersive historical experience.

Later, in the 17th century, the garden was magnificently redesigned by André Le Nôtre, the renowned landscape architect to King Louis XIV and the mastermind behind the gardens of Versailles. His vision transformed the Tuileries into the classical French garden you see today, characterized by its perfectly symmetrical layouts, grand avenues, and elegant water features like the Grand Bassin Rond and Grand Bassin Octogonal. As you explore, you'll discover a remarkable collection of sculptures, ranging from classical works to modern pieces by artists such as Aristide Maillol, adding an open-air museum feel to your stroll. This is an ideal spot to truly appreciate what to see in Paris beyond the indoor attractions, offering a serene yet vibrant atmosphere. The garden has witnessed pivotal moments in French history, from the French Revolution to the Paris Commune, serving as a backdrop for both royal grandeur and popular uprisings.

Beyond its historical and artistic appeal, the Tuileries Garden is a vibrant hub for relaxation and people-watching. Grab one of the iconic green chairs scattered throughout and unwind by the fountains, or simply enjoy a leisurely walk. For art enthusiasts, the garden is home to the Musée de l'Orangerie, where you can immerse yourself in Claude Monet's breathtaking "Water Lilies" murals, and the Jeu de Paume, dedicated to photography and contemporary art. When you're ready for a treat, consider a short walk along Rue de Rivoli to Angelina, a legendary tea salon famous for its rich hot chocolate and pastries, offering a taste of Parisian indulgence just steps away.

The Arc de Triomphe stands majestically at the center of the Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly known as the Place de l'Étoile, where twelve grand avenues converge, including the famous Champs-Élysées. This monumental arch, one of the most recognizable symbols of Paris, commemorates those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Its sheer scale and intricate details invite you to explore its historical significance and enjoy breathtaking views of the city. As you approach, you'll notice the impressive sculptural groups adorning its facades, each telling a story of French military triumphs and national pride.

Commissioned by Napoleon I in 1806 after his decisive victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe was intended to honor the French army. Its design was entrusted to architect Jean Chalgrin, who drew inspiration from the Roman Arch of Titus. However, Napoleon never saw its completion; the construction spanned three decades and was finally finished in 1836, during the reign of King Louis-Philippe. Beneath its massive vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I, interred on November 11, 1920, with an Eternal Flame that has burned continuously since 1923, symbolizing the nation's enduring remembrance of its fallen heroes. This site has witnessed countless historical events, including the triumphant parades of French and Allied forces, such as the liberation of Paris in 1944. It is truly one of the most significant Paris attractions, offering a profound connection to the city's past.

Visiting the Arc de Triomphe offers more than just a historical lesson; it provides an unparalleled panoramic vista from its rooftop terrace. Ascend to the top, and you'll be rewarded with a spectacular 360-degree view of Paris, encompassing iconic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre Museum, and the entire sweep of the Champs-Élysées. You can clearly see the precise urban planning that radiates from this central point. The arch's location also places you at the heart of one of Paris's most vibrant districts. After your visit, consider a stroll down the Champs-Élysées, where you can find the renowned Ladurée bakery, famous for its exquisite macarons, offering a delightful treat to complement your historical exploration.

The Louvre Museum, originally a medieval fortress built by Philip II in the late 12th century, stands today as one of the world's largest and most visited art museums. Transformed into a royal palace by Charles V and later significantly expanded by Francis I, who famously acquired the Mona Lisa, this iconic institution has witnessed centuries of French history. Its evolution from a defensive structure to a royal residence, and eventually to a public museum after the French Revolution, reflects the changing tides of power and culture in France. When you consider what to see in Paris, the Louvre is an undeniable highlight, offering an unparalleled journey through human creativity and civilization.

Stepping inside the Louvre, you are greeted by an immense collection spanning millennia and continents. While many visitors flock to see the enigmatic smile of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa, don't miss other masterpieces like the graceful Venus de Milo or the majestic Winged Victory of Samothrace, both testaments to ancient Greek artistry. Beyond these iconic works, the museum houses an astonishing array of Egyptian antiquities, Greek and Roman sculptures, Islamic art, and European paintings from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. You can wander through the opulent former royal apartments, marvel at the intricate details of the Code of Hammurabi, or explore the vast galleries dedicated to French and Italian Renaissance art. The sheer scale of the Louvre means you could spend days here and still only scratch the surface of its treasures. An interesting fact is that during World War II, the museum's most valuable artworks, including the Mona Lisa, were secretly evacuated to various locations across France to protect them from Nazi looting, a testament to their immense cultural value.

To truly appreciate the Louvre, consider dedicating ample time to explore specific wings or periods that pique your interest. The museum's modern entrance, the striking Louvre Pyramid designed by I. M. Pei and inaugurated in 1989, offers a contemporary contrast to the historic palace. After immersing yourself in art and history, you might find yourself ready for a delightful break. Just a short stroll away, on Rue de Rivoli, you can discover Angelina, a renowned tea house famous for its rich hot chocolate and delectable Mont-Blanc pastry, offering a perfect Parisian indulgence.