What to see in Ottawa

The Peace Tower, a majestic focal point of Parliament Hill in Ottawa, stands as a profound symbol of Canadian democracy and remembrance. Rising 92.2 meters (302 feet) above the capital, this iconic bell and clock tower was constructed between 1919 and 1927, replacing the Victoria Tower which was tragically destroyed by fire in 1916. Designed by architects Jean-Omer Marchand and John A. Pearson in a striking Gothic Revival style, its intricate stonework and soaring spire immediately capture your attention. As you explore what to see in Ottawa, a visit to the Peace Tower offers more than just architectural beauty; it provides a deep connection to Canada's history and a poignant tribute to its fallen heroes. Ascend to the observation deck for breathtaking panoramic views of the city, the winding Ottawa River, and the distant hills of Gatineau, offering an unparalleled perspective of the capital region.

Beyond its impressive exterior, the Peace Tower houses several significant features. The Memorial Chamber, a solemn and beautifully crafted room, is dedicated to Canadians who died in military service. Here, you'll find the Books of Remembrance, meticulously inscribed with the names of those who made the ultimate sacrifice, creating a deeply moving experience. Above, the Carillon, a magnificent instrument of 53 bells, rings out daily, filling Parliament Hill with melodious tunes. These daily concerts are a delightful auditory experience, especially during the warmer months. The tower's four massive clock faces, each 4.8 meters (16 feet) in diameter, keep precise time for the nation. After immersing yourself in the history and views of the Peace Tower, consider a leisurely stroll down Sparks Street, Canada's first pedestrian mall, located just a short walk away.

The National War Memorial, majestically standing in Confederation Square in the heart of Ottawa, serves as a profound tribute to the courage and sacrifice of all Canadians who have served and continue to serve the nation in times of war, military conflict, and peace. Unveiled by King George VI in 1939, this striking monument, often referred to as the "Arch of Triumph," features a grand granite arch through which twenty-two bronze figures, representing all branches of the Canadian Armed Forces, march in unison. Sculpted by Vernon March, these figures symbolize the nation's collective response to the call of duty, making it one of the most poignant Ottawa attractions. As you approach, take a moment to observe the intricate details of the figures, each telling a story of dedication and resilience. This powerful symbol invites you to reflect on the immense cost of freedom and the enduring spirit of Canada.

A truly moving addition to the memorial is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, consecrated in 2000. This sacred resting place contains the remains of an unidentified Canadian soldier, repatriated from a battlefield near Vimy Ridge, France, a site of immense historical significance for Canada during World War I. The tomb represents all Canadians who died in military service and whose final resting places are unknown. Standing before it, you can't help but feel a deep connection to the past and the countless lives touched by conflict. The memorial is also the central location for Canada's annual Remembrance Day ceremony on November 11th, a solemn occasion where the nation gathers to honor its fallen heroes. Visiting this site offers a unique opportunity to engage with Canadian history and understand the profound impact of its military heritage.

To fully appreciate the memorial's significance, consider timing your visit during the summer months (late June to late August) to witness the Changing of the Guard ceremony, which often includes a march past the memorial, adding a vibrant, ceremonial layer to your experience. After your contemplative visit, you might stroll a few blocks to the nearby ByWard Market area, where you can savor a warm beverage at a local favorite like Bridgehead Coffee or explore the vibrant market stalls.

The Dominion Arboretum, a sprawling 64-hectare green oasis in Ottawa, invites you to immerse yourself in a living collection of trees and shrubs. Established in 1889 as part of the Central Experimental Farm, it stands as one of North America's oldest arboreta, meticulously designed by William Saunders. This botanical treasure serves not only as a serene escape but also as a vital research facility, dedicated to studying woody plants hardy in Canada's diverse climate. As you wander through its expansive grounds, you'll discover over 2,000 different species and varieties, each carefully cultivated and labeled, offering a unique educational experience alongside breathtaking natural beauty. It's a testament to horticultural dedication, providing a peaceful retreat from the urban bustle.

Exploring the Dominion Arboretum is one of the most rewarding things to do in Ottawa, offering a tranquil escape for all seasons. Stroll along its network of paved and unpaved pathways, which wind through diverse plant collections, including vibrant lilacs in spring, majestic conifers, and a stunning array of maples and oaks that burst into fiery hues each autumn. The arboretum's elevated position provides spectacular panoramic views of the Rideau Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the shimmering Ottawa skyline across Dow's Lake. Whether you're an avid birdwatcher hoping to spot local and migratory species, a photographer seeking picturesque landscapes, or simply looking for a peaceful spot for a leisurely walk or a picnic, the arboretum offers a rich tapestry of experiences. You can easily spend hours here, discovering new plant specimens or simply enjoying the quiet beauty of nature.

Beyond its botanical wonders, the Dominion Arboretum is a fantastic starting point for further exploration. Its proximity to the Central Experimental Farm means you can easily combine your visit with a trip to the Canada Agriculture and Food Museum, where you can learn about Canada's agricultural heritage. For those seeking a bite to eat or a warm drink after your walk, the vibrant Preston Street (Ottawa's Little Italy) is just a short drive away, offering a delightful selection of cafes, bakeries, and restaurants like Pub Italia or Giovanni's Restaurant, perfect for savoring authentic Italian cuisine. The arboretum is open year-round with free admission, making it an accessible and enriching destination regardless of the season.

The Diefenbunker: Canada's Cold War Museum offers a truly unique journey into a pivotal period of 20th-century history. Nestled 23 meters (75 feet) underground in Carp, a rural community just west of Ottawa, this massive four-story bunker was once Canada's top-secret central emergency government headquarters. Constructed between 1959 and 1961 as part of Operation DOGWOOD, its primary purpose was to shelter 535 key government and military officials, including Prime Minister John Diefenbaker himself, in the event of a nuclear attack during the height of the Cold War. Imagine the tension and strategic planning that unfolded within these reinforced concrete walls!

When you visit, you'll step back in time to an era of global uncertainty, exploring the fully preserved and restored facility. Wander through the Prime Minister's suite, the Bank of Canada vault, the CBC broadcasting studio, and the operations room, all designed to ensure the continuity of government and essential services. The museum vividly portrays the daily lives of those who would have worked and lived here, showcasing the technology, communication systems, and survival strategies of the time. It's a fascinating and sobering experience that provides deep insight into the realities of the Cold War and Canada's role in it. Among the many things to do in Ottawa, a trip to the Diefenbunker stands out as an unparalleled opportunity to grasp the scale of the nuclear threat and the extraordinary measures taken to prepare for it.

Beyond its historical significance, the Diefenbunker is an architectural marvel of Cold War engineering. Its thick walls, blast doors, and intricate ventilation systems are a testament to the era's defensive paranoia. You can even try your hand at a Cold War-themed escape room or participate in various educational programs that bring history to life. After your subterranean adventure, consider exploring the charming village of Carp itself, perhaps grabbing a coffee or a bite at a local eatery, though the bunker's remote location means it's not directly adjacent to major urban hotspots.

The Canadian War Museum, situated on LeBreton Flats overlooking the Ottawa River, offers a profound journey through Canada's military history, from early conflicts to modern peacekeeping missions. This architecturally striking building, designed by Moriyama & Teshima Architects, uses angular forms and a green roof to evoke the landscape of a battlefield and the concept of regeneration. As you explore its vast galleries, you'll encounter a comprehensive collection of artifacts, personal stories, and interactive exhibits that illuminate the experiences of Canadians in times of war and conflict. The museum doesn't just display weapons and uniforms; it delves into the human cost and societal impact of these events, making it one of the best places to visit in Ottawa for those seeking a deeper understanding of the nation's past.

Wander through the permanent exhibitions, which are thoughtfully organized chronologically and thematically. The LeBreton Gallery houses an impressive array of large artifacts, including tanks, artillery, and aircraft, providing a tangible sense of the machinery of war. Don't miss the exhibit on Vimy Ridge, a pivotal moment in Canadian history, or the displays dedicated to the First and Second World Wars, where you can see rare items like Adolf Hitler's staff car. The museum also features Regeneration Hall, a space designed with a unique architectural feature where the windows spell out “Lest We Forget” in Morse code, a subtle yet powerful tribute. Beyond the major conflicts, you'll find exhibits on the Cold War, peacekeeping efforts, and the challenges faced by Canada's armed forces today. The museum's approach ensures that you gain insight into the strategies, sacrifices, and enduring legacies of these historical periods.

After your contemplative visit, consider a short stroll or drive to the nearby Hintonburg or Little Italy neighborhoods. For a delightful culinary experience, head to Art-Is-In Bakery, a local favorite renowned for its artisanal breads, pastries, and delicious sandwiches, perfect for a post-museum treat. The Canadian War Museum provides a powerful and educational experience, encouraging reflection on the nature of conflict and the pursuit of peace, making it an essential stop on any visit to the capital.

The Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica stands as a magnificent landmark in the heart of Ottawa, immediately captivating visitors with its distinctive twin spires and prominent location. As the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ottawa-Cornwall, this basilica holds profound religious and historical significance, making it a a cornerstone of the city's cultural landscape. Its neoclassical exterior, though grand, only hints at the breathtaking artistry found within. Consecrated in 1846 and later elevated to a basilica by Pope Leo XIII in 1897, it represents a continuous thread of faith and architectural evolution in the Canadian capital. When you explore what to see in Ottawa, this basilica offers a serene yet awe-inspiring experience, inviting you to step away from the bustling city life and into a realm of spiritual and artistic grandeur.

Step inside, and you'll discover a dramatic transformation from the exterior's more restrained facade to a vibrant Gothic Revival interior. The soaring vaulted ceilings, painted in a striking blue adorned with golden stars, immediately draw your gaze upwards, creating an ethereal atmosphere. Intricate wood carvings, particularly those adorning the main altar and the magnificent baldachin, showcase exceptional craftsmanship. Look for the detailed sculptures by artists like Philippe Parizeau and Louis-Philippe Hébert, whose works add layers of narrative and beauty to the sacred space. The stained-glass windows, depicting various biblical scenes and figures, bathe the interior in a kaleidoscope of colors, especially on a sunny day. This blend of historical artistry and spiritual devotion makes the basilica a truly compelling visit, offering a glimpse into the rich heritage of Ottawa and the enduring power of religious art. It’s not just a place of worship; it’s a living museum of Canadian artistry and faith.

Strategically situated in the vibrant ByWard Market neighborhood, the Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica is perfectly positioned for you to combine your visit with other iconic Ottawa attractions. Just a short stroll away, you'll find the National Gallery of Canada, home to an extensive collection of Canadian and international art, offering a perfect complement to the basilica's artistic splendor. After immersing yourself in the basilica's tranquility and the gallery's masterpieces, consider exploring the lively ByWard Market itself. Here, you can savor local flavors or grab a coffee at a popular spot like Bridgehead Coffee, a local favorite known for its ethically sourced beans and cozy atmosphere, providing a delightful end to your cultural exploration.

The Rideau Canal National Historic Site in Ottawa offers a captivating journey through Canadian history and a vibrant hub for year-round activities. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007, this engineering marvel stands as the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America. Its construction, undertaken between 1826 and 1832, was a monumental feat, primarily conceived as a military supply route connecting Montreal to Kingston, designed to bypass the vulnerable St. Lawrence River in the event of another conflict with the United States following the War of 1812. Under the leadership of Lieutenant Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers, thousands of laborers, many of them Irish immigrants and French Canadians, toiled under arduous conditions; tragically, hundreds succumbed to malaria and accidents during its creation. Though never used for its intended military purpose, the canal quickly became a vital commercial artery, facilitating the transport of timber, grain, and other goods, profoundly shaping the economic development of the region.

When considering what to see in Ottawa, the Rideau Canal is an absolute must-visit, offering diverse experiences depending on the season. During the warmer months, you can cruise its tranquil waters, paddle a kayak, or simply stroll or cycle along its scenic pathways, observing the historic, hand-operated locks in action, a truly unique spectacle managed by Parks Canada staff. The canal stretches 202 kilometers, connecting Ottawa to Kingston, and its 47 locks at 24 stations are a testament to 19th-century engineering ingenuity. In winter, the canal transforms into the Rideau Canal Skateway, the world's largest naturally frozen skating rink, a truly iconic Ottawa experience. Imagine gliding along 7.8 kilometers of ice, a tradition that draws locals and visitors alike. This incredible transformation offers a unique perspective on the city, allowing you to skate past significant landmarks. After exploring the canal, you're perfectly positioned to discover other Ottawa treasures. Just a short walk away, you'll find the majestic Parliament Hill, the cultural hub of the National Arts Centre, and the bustling ByWard Market, where you can savor delicious treats from local bakeries, enjoy a warm coffee at a charming cafe, or dine at one of its many renowned restaurants.

The Parliament Hill stands majestically in Ottawa, serving as the symbolic heart of Canadian democracy and an essential stop for anyone exploring the best places to visit in Ottawa. Perched high above the Ottawa River, this iconic site is home to the country's federal Parliament buildings, a stunning example of Gothic Revival architecture that commands attention. As you approach, you'll immediately be struck by the intricate details of the Centre Block, which houses the House of Commons and the Senate, and the towering Peace Tower, a national memorial and a prominent feature of the city's skyline. The history embedded within these walls is palpable, reflecting Canada's journey from a nascent dominion to a vibrant, multicultural nation.

Exploring Parliament Hill offers a unique glimpse into the workings of Canadian government and its rich heritage. You can embark on a free guided tour of the Centre Block (while it's open, as it's currently undergoing extensive renovations, visitors can often tour the temporary chambers), allowing you to walk through the very halls where crucial decisions are made. Don't miss the Library of Parliament, a magnificent circular structure with a distinctive dome, which miraculously survived the devastating 1916 fire that destroyed much of the original Parliament building. Outside, the grounds are equally captivating. Witness the daily Changing of the Guard ceremony during the summer months, a colourful and precise military tradition that draws crowds. In the evenings, the Sound and Light Show transforms the Centre Block into a dynamic canvas, narrating Canada's story through captivating projections. Pause at the Eternal Flame, a monument commemorating Canada's confederation, where a flame has burned continuously since 1967. This site isn't just a government complex; it's a living museum of Canadian identity, offering profound insights into the nation's past and present.

After immersing yourself in the historical grandeur of Parliament Hill, consider a leisurely stroll down to Sparks Street, Canada's first pedestrian mall, just a few blocks south. Here, you'll find a variety of shops and eateries. For a delightful pick-me-up, stop by Bridgehead Coffee, a local favourite known for its ethically sourced and expertly brewed coffee, perfect for reflecting on your visit. The proximity of such vibrant urban life to the solemnity of the parliamentary grounds truly highlights Ottawa's unique charm.

The Gatineau Park, a sprawling natural haven just a short drive from Ottawa and Gatineau, invites you to immerse yourself in its breathtaking landscapes and rich history. As one of the largest conservation areas in Canada, covering over 361 square kilometers, it stands out as one of the best places to visit in Ottawa for those seeking outdoor adventure or a tranquil escape. Established in 1938, the park is meticulously managed by the National Capital Commission (NCC), ensuring its pristine beauty and ecological integrity are preserved for generations. Here, you'll discover a diverse ecosystem of forests, wetlands, and lakes, home to an abundance of wildlife, making every visit a chance to connect with nature.

Explore over 200 kilometers of hiking and cycling trails in the warmer months, or transform your experience into a winter wonderland with cross-country skiing and snowshoeing on its extensive network of groomed paths. Don't miss the iconic Champlain Lookout, offering spectacular panoramic views of the Ottawa Valley that stretch for miles, a truly unforgettable vista. A visit to the Mackenzie King Estate is a journey back in time; this former summer residence of Canada's 10th Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, features charming ruins, beautifully manicured gardens, and historical buildings that tell tales of a bygone era. You can also marvel at Pink Lake, a unique meromictic lake where layers of water do not mix, creating a distinct and fascinating ecosystem. For the adventurous, Lusk Cave offers a chance to explore an underground marble cave, a truly unique experience (check seasonal accessibility).

After a day of exploration, consider a short drive to the charming village of Chelsea, located right at the park's southern edge. Here, you can savor a warm beverage at a cozy cafe or enjoy a delicious meal at one of its local restaurants, perfectly complementing your park adventure.

The Canadian Museum of History, nestled on the banks of the Ottawa River in Gatineau, Quebec, offers an unparalleled journey through Canada's rich past. As one of the country's most significant cultural institutions, it serves as a captivating gateway to understanding the diverse narratives that have shaped this nation. Its striking architecture, designed by Douglas Cardinal, features curvilinear forms that evoke the natural landscapes of Canada, making the building itself a work of art. You'll find yourself immersed in a world where history comes alive, from ancient Indigenous traditions to pivotal moments in modern Canadian society.

Begin your exploration in the magnificent Grand Hall, where you are greeted by a breathtaking collection of towering totem poles, some of the largest indoor examples in the world, representing the artistry and heritage of various First Nations. This space also offers panoramic views of Parliament Hill across the river, making it a perfect spot to appreciate what to see in Ottawa from a unique vantage point. Delve deeper into the First Peoples Hall, which celebrates the history, cultures, and enduring contributions of Canada's Indigenous peoples through an extensive array of artifacts, oral histories, and contemporary art. The museum's centerpiece, the Canadian History Hall, takes you on an epic chronological journey, spanning 15,000 years from the earliest human settlements to the present day. This immersive exhibition challenges you to consider different perspectives on key events, historical figures like Louis Riel and Nellie McClung, and the complex forces that forged Canada. For younger visitors, the Children's Museum provides interactive, hands-on exhibits that spark curiosity and learning, while the IMAX Theatre offers spectacular films that transport you to different worlds.

After your enriching visit, consider strolling through the vibrant Old Hull district of Gatineau, just a short walk from the museum. Here, you can savor local flavors at establishments like Les Brasseurs du Temps, a popular microbrewery and restaurant housed in a historic building, offering a taste of Quebec's craft beer scene and delicious pub fare.

The Hog's Back Falls, where the Rideau River dramatically converges with the Rideau Canal, presents a truly captivating natural and engineering marvel in Ottawa. This unique site is not merely a natural waterfall but a fascinating testament to 19th-century human ingenuity, showcasing how the river's powerful flow was expertly harnessed and redirected. Here, you'll witness a series of cascading waterfalls and rapids, meticulously designed to control water levels for the historic canal. The roar of the water provides a constant, soothing backdrop, inviting you to step away from the city's hustle and immerse yourself in a landscape that beautifully marries natural power with historical purpose. It’s a place that encourages contemplation, offering a refreshing perspective on the intricate relationship between water, land, and the ambitious projects that shaped the region.

Delving into its rich past, the very existence of Hog's Back Falls is inextricably linked to the construction of the Rideau Canal, a monumental undertaking led by Lieutenant-Colonel John By between 1826 and 1832. Prior to this ambitious project, the area was characterized by treacherous natural rapids, posing a significant challenge to navigation. To ensure the canal's navigability and manage the crucial water levels, engineers embarked on the formidable task of constructing a robust dam and an intricate lock system. The distinctive name "Hog's Back" itself is believed to originate from a prominent, hog-back-shaped rock formation that was a defining feature of the riverbed during the canal's early development. This remarkable engineering feat transformed the wild rapids into the controlled, multi-tiered falls you can admire today, allowing for safe passage along this vital waterway. This compelling blend of natural beauty and profound historical significance firmly establishes Hog's Back Falls as one of the best places to visit in Ottawa, offering visitors not just a picturesque view but a tangible connection to the city's foundational history and the ingenuity of its early builders.

When you plan your visit, take ample time to explore the various vantage points from the bridges that gracefully span the falls, providing breathtaking views of the powerful cascades and the operational lock system. The expansive parkland surrounding the falls, seamlessly integrated with the broader Mooney's Bay Park and Vincent Massey Park areas, offers generous green spaces perfect for leisurely picnics, invigorating walks, or simply unwinding by the water's edge. You might even catch a glimpse of local wildlife thriving in this serene environment. During the warmer months, a small, seasonal cafe often opens its doors nearby, providing a convenient spot to grab a refreshing beverage or a light snack as you absorb the captivating scenery.

The Canadian Tulip Festival transforms Ottawa into a vibrant canvas of color each spring, celebrating the enduring friendship between Canada and the Netherlands. This spectacular event, one of the largest tulip festivals in the world, traces its roots back to World War II. During the war, Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and her family found safe haven in Ottawa, a gesture of hospitality that forged a deep bond between the two nations. It was here, in the Ottawa Civic Hospital, that Princess Margriet was born in 1943, making her the only royal personage ever born in North America. To ensure her Dutch citizenship, the maternity ward was temporarily declared extraterritorial by the Canadian government. Following the war, as a token of profound gratitude for Canada's role in liberating the Netherlands and for the sanctuary provided to the royal family, Princess Juliana began sending an annual gift of tulip bulbs to Ottawa. This tradition continues to this day, with the Dutch royal family sending thousands of bulbs each year.

These annual gifts blossomed into the official Canadian Tulip Festival, first organized in 1953 by photographer Malak Karsh, who proposed a public celebration of the tulips. When considering things to do in Ottawa during springtime, immersing yourself in this festival is an absolute must. You'll discover millions of tulips, representing over 100 varieties, blooming across the city's parks and public spaces. The main displays are breathtaking, particularly in Commissioners Park along Dows Lake, where meticulously designed flower beds create stunning visual tapestries. Stroll through these vibrant gardens, capture incredible photographs, and simply savor the beauty of nature's artistry. Beyond the visual feast, the festival often features a rich program of cultural events, live music, international food vendors, and family-friendly activities, making it a dynamic experience for all ages.

For a truly memorable visit, time your trip for mid-May when the tulips are typically at their peak. While Commissioners Park is the heart of the festival, don't miss the displays at Major's Hill Park, offering picturesque views of the Parliament Hill buildings, and various beds scattered throughout downtown. After exploring the floral wonders, you might find yourself near the historic ByWard Market, a bustling area where you can grab a coffee at a local cafe or enjoy a treat from a bakery like Le Moulin de Provence, famous for its "Obama Cookies.