What to see in Milan

The Brera District in Milan invites you to step into a world where art, history, and bohemian charm intertwine. Historically, this enchanting neighborhood, nestled in the heart of the city, was once a working-class area that gradually transformed into a vibrant artistic hub. Its name is believed to derive from "braida," a Lombard term for a grassy, uncultivated area, hinting at its past. Over centuries, it became a magnet for artists, writers, and intellectuals, drawn to its unique atmosphere and the presence of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera (Brera Academy of Fine Arts), established in 1776 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. This institution, along with the adjacent Pinacoteca di Brera, solidified Brera's reputation as the artistic soul of Milan. As you wander through its narrow, cobblestone streets, you'll feel the echoes of countless artists who once lived and worked here, their creative spirit still palpable in the air.

Exploring Brera is an experience in itself, making it one of the best places to visit in Milan for those seeking an authentic and culturally rich encounter. The district is renowned for its picturesque alleys, hidden courtyards, and a delightful array of independent boutiques, antique shops, and artisan workshops. You'll discover unique fashion pieces, handcrafted jewelry, and exquisite home decor, far removed from the mainstream commercial streets. The true jewel of Brera is undoubtedly the Pinacoteca di Brera, one of Italy's foremost art galleries. Here, you can marvel at masterpieces by Italian greats such as Raphael, Caravaggio, Mantegna, and Piero della Francesca, offering an unparalleled journey through Italian art history. Beyond the art, Brera offers a vibrant street life. In the evenings, the district truly comes alive, with its numerous restaurants, trattorias, and charming cafes spilling out onto the sidewalks, creating a lively and inviting ambiance.

Savor a traditional Milanese aperitivo at one of the many stylish bars, or indulge in authentic Italian cuisine at a cozy trattoria. For a sweet treat, seek out a local pasticceria for freshly baked delights. While Brera itself is a treasure trove, its proximity to other key Milanese attractions makes it an ideal base for exploration. Just a short stroll away, you can reach the magnificent Sforzesco Castle or the bustling Duomo. The district also boasts a selection of high-end and niche fashion boutiques, reflecting Milan's status as a global fashion capital, though in Brera, the focus leans towards unique, curated pieces rather than large flagship stores. Take your time to explore every corner; you might stumble upon a charming bookstore, a vintage clothing gem, or a quiet piazza perfect for people-watching.

The Milan Cathedral, known locally as the Duomo di Milano, stands as an awe-inspiring testament to Gothic architecture and centuries of artistic dedication in the heart of Milan. This magnificent structure, one of the largest cathedrals in the world, immediately captures your attention with its dazzling white marble facade, adorned with countless spires, pinnacles, and an astonishing array of statues. Its construction began in 1386 under the patronage of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then Lord of Milan, who envisioned a grand cathedral that would surpass all others. The project involved a succession of master builders, architects, and artisans from across Europe, each contributing to its evolving design over nearly six centuries. This prolonged construction period, finally concluding in the 19th century under Napoleon Bonaparte, reflects the changing artistic styles and the enduring ambition behind this monumental undertaking.

When you explore what to see in Milan, the Duomo is undoubtedly at the top of the list, offering an unparalleled experience. Step inside to marvel at the vast nave, supported by colossal pillars, and be captivated by the vibrant light filtering through its immense stained-glass windows, some of the largest in the world, depicting biblical scenes and the lives of saints. Don't miss the opportunity to ascend to the rooftop, either by stairs or elevator, for breathtaking panoramic views of the city, stretching from the modern skyscrapers to the distant Alps on a clear day. Up close, you can appreciate the intricate details of the spires and the famous Madonnina, a golden statue of the Virgin Mary, perched atop the highest spire, serving as a protective symbol for the city. Beneath the cathedral, the Archaeological Area reveals the foundations of the ancient Basilica of Santa Tecla and the Baptistery of San Giovanni alle Fonti, offering a fascinating glimpse into Milan's Roman and early Christian past. The adjacent Duomo Museum further enriches your visit, showcasing sculptures, stained glass, and models that trace the cathedral's long history and artistic evolution.

Beyond its architectural grandeur, the Duomo holds significant historical and cultural anecdotes. For instance, it houses one of the Holy Nails from the True Cross, which is annually displayed to the public during the Rite of the Nivola. The sheer number of statues, over 3,400, including gargoyles and figures, makes it a living encyclopedia of art and history. After immersing yourself in the cathedral's splendor, you'll find yourself right at the entrance of the iconic Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a stunning 19th-century shopping arcade. Here, you can admire the elegant architecture, browse high-fashion boutiques like Prada and Louis Vuitton, or savor a coffee at historic establishments such as Camparino in Galleria, a perfect spot to reflect on the beauty you've just witnessed.

The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, often hailed as "il salotto di Milano" (Milan's drawing room), stands as a magnificent testament to 19th-century architecture and a vibrant hub of Milanese life. Conceived by architect Giuseppe Mengoni and inaugurated in 1877, this stunning four-story arcade connects Piazza del Duomo with Piazza della Scala, forming a grand cross-shaped structure. Its intricate iron and glass dome, along with the elaborate mosaic floors depicting the coats of arms of the four main cities of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy (Turin, Florence, Rome, and Milan), immediately captivate visitors. The Galleria was designed not just as a shopping center but as a symbol of Milan's burgeoning economic power and cultural sophistication, a place where citizens could gather, socialize, and enjoy the finer things in life, making it one of the best places to visit in Milan for both history buffs and fashion enthusiasts.

As you stroll through this architectural marvel, you'll discover why it remains a focal point of Milanese elegance. The Galleria is home to some of the world's most prestigious fashion brands, including flagship stores for Prada, Louis Vuitton, and Gucci, offering an unparalleled luxury shopping experience. Beyond high fashion, it also hosts historic restaurants and cafes that have served Milanese society for generations. Don't miss the chance to savor a coffee or an aperitivo at Camparino in Galleria, a historic bar founded in 1867, renowned for its Art Nouveau interiors and classic Milanese cocktails. An interesting local tradition involves spinning on the testicles of the bull mosaic located under the central dome. Legend has it that performing three spins with your right heel on the bull's genitals brings good luck, a ritual that has worn a noticeable indentation into the mosaic over the years, a testament to the countless visitors and locals who partake in this quirky custom.

The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II is more than just a shopping arcade; it's a living museum, a social gathering place, and a symbol of Milan's enduring style and innovation. Its historical significance, combined with its role as a contemporary fashion and culinary destination, ensures a memorable experience. Whether you're admiring the stunning architecture, indulging in some retail therapy, or simply soaking in the sophisticated atmosphere, the Galleria offers a unique glimpse into Milan's soul.

The Basilica of Saint Ambrose, known in Italian as the Basilica di Sant'Ambrogio, stands as one of Milan's most ancient and historically significant churches, offering a profound journey into the city's early Christian and medieval past. Founded by Saint Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, in the late 4th century, it was originally known as the Basilica Martyrum, built to house the relics of martyrs. This architectural masterpiece is a prime example of Lombard Romanesque style, characterized by its two distinct brick bell towers – the older, more robust Monks' Bell Tower and the taller, more elegant Canons' Bell Tower. As you approach, the large, columned atrium, a rare surviving feature, immediately transports you back centuries, providing a serene space before entering the main basilica. This sacred site has witnessed centuries of history, including the coronations of Holy Roman Emperors, solidifying its role as a cornerstone of Milanese identity.

Stepping inside, you'll discover a wealth of artistic and historical treasures that make it a truly unique experience among what to see in Milan. The basilica's interior is dominated by the magnificent Golden Altar (Altare d'Oro), a Carolingian masterpiece from the 9th century, adorned with intricate gold, silver, and enamel panels depicting scenes from the life of Christ and Saint Ambrose. Descend into the crypt to pay your respects at the glass sarcophagus containing the remarkably preserved remains of Saint Ambrose himself, alongside those of Saint Gervasius and Saint Protasius, two martyrs whose relics he discovered. Don't miss the ancient mosaics in the Sacello di San Vittore in Ciel d'Oro, a small chapel within the basilica, showcasing stunning 5th-century artistry. Outside, in the atrium, seek out the legendary Devil's Column (Colonna del Diavolo), an ancient Roman column with two holes said to have been made by the devil's horns during a struggle with Saint Ambrose. Legend has it that if you put your ear to the holes, you can hear the sounds of hell.

A visit to the Basilica of Saint Ambrose provides a captivating contrast to the grandeur of the Duomo, offering a more intimate and ancient perspective on Milan's spiritual heritage. Its raw, powerful architecture and deep historical roots provide a tangible link to the city's origins. After exploring the basilica, take time to wander through the charming Sant'Ambrogio neighborhood. This area, home to the prestigious Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, retains a more authentic Milanese atmosphere, away from the bustling tourist crowds. You'll find a delightful array of traditional trattorias and cozy cafes where you can savor authentic Milanese cuisine or enjoy a classic Italian coffee, truly unwinding like a local.

The Vertical Forest (Bosco Verticale) stands as a groundbreaking architectural marvel in Milan's modern Porta Nuova district. Designed by architects Stefano Boeri, Gianandrea Barreca, and Giovanni La Varra, these two residential towers, completed in 2014, are not just buildings but a living ecosystem. They are famously covered with over 20,000 trees, shrubs, and perennial plants, equivalent to a hectare of forest, vertically integrated into the urban fabric. This innovative project was conceived as a model for sustainable residential architecture, aiming to increase biodiversity and combat urban sprawl by reintroducing nature into the city. Its unique design has garnered international acclaim, including the prestigious International Highrise Award in 2014 and the CTBUH Best Tall Building Worldwide in 2015, solidifying its status as a global icon of green building.

Visiting the Vertical Forest offers a compelling insight into Milan's forward-thinking approach to urban development and sustainability, making it a unique addition to your list of things to do in Milan. You'll witness firsthand how architecture can actively contribute to environmental well-being. The towers' extensive greenery produces oxygen, absorbs significant amounts of CO2, filters dust particles from the air, and helps mitigate the urban heat island effect, creating a cooler microclimate. Furthermore, this vertical ecosystem provides a vital habitat for various bird species and insects, fostering urban biodiversity. An interesting fact is the sophisticated irrigation system that uses recycled greywater to sustain the vast amount of vegetation, showcasing a commitment to resource efficiency. While you cannot enter the private residences, observing the towers from the surrounding public spaces, particularly the Biblioteca degli Alberi park, allows you to appreciate their scale and the sheer ambition of the project.

Beyond the towers themselves, the Vertical Forest is nestled within the vibrant Porta Nuova area, a testament to Milan's modern transformation. This district is a hub of contemporary architecture, featuring other notable structures like the sleek Unicredit Tower and the dynamic Piazza Gae Aulenti, where you can relax and enjoy the urban atmosphere. For those looking to explore more of Milan's offerings, the nearby Corso Como area is renowned for its high-end fashion boutiques, design showrooms, and lively cafes, perfect for a leisurely stroll or a coffee break. Additionally, the impressive Eataly Smeraldo, a multi-floor gourmet food market, is just a short walk away, offering a delightful culinary experience.

Santa Maria delle Grazie stands as a magnificent testament to Milanese art and history, a UNESCO World Heritage site that draws visitors from across the globe. This Dominican convent and church, consecrated in 1469, is renowned primarily for housing Leonardo da Vinci's iconic masterpiece, The Last Supper (Il Cenacolo), painted directly onto the refectory wall. Initially designed by Guiniforte Solari in a Gothic style, the church later saw significant Renaissance additions by the celebrated architect Donato Bramante, who was commissioned by Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan. You can admire Bramante's elegant tribune, cloister, and sacristy, which beautifully complement the original Gothic nave, creating a harmonious blend of architectural styles that is truly captivating.

When considering what to see in Milan, a visit to Santa Maria delle Grazie is an absolute must, largely due to the profound impact of Leonardo da Vinci's mural. Commissioned by Ludovico Sforza, this extraordinary work, completed around 1498, captures the dramatic moment Christ announces that one of his disciples will betray him. Unlike traditional frescoes, Leonardo experimented with a tempera and oil mixture on dry plaster, a technique that unfortunately led to the painting's rapid deterioration over centuries. Despite this, its artistic genius, emotional depth, and innovative composition remain unparalleled. The painting miraculously survived the Allied bombing of Milan in August 1943, when the refectory roof was destroyed, but the wall bearing The Last Supper stood firm, protected by sandbags. This survival story adds another layer of awe to its already legendary status.

To truly appreciate this historical and artistic treasure, it's essential to plan your visit well in advance, as access to The Last Supper is strictly controlled to preserve the delicate artwork, allowing only a limited number of visitors at a time. The extensive restoration efforts, particularly the one completed in 1999, have brought back much of its original vibrancy, allowing you to witness the intricate details and emotional expressions Leonardo masterfully conveyed. After immersing yourself in this Renaissance marvel, take a leisurely stroll along Corso Magenta, a charming street just a stone's throw away.

The Monumental Cemetery of Milan, or Cimitero Monumentale, is far more than just a burial ground; it stands as an extraordinary open-air museum, showcasing an incredible array of artistic and architectural styles. Designed by Carlo Maciachini and opened in 1866, this vast necropolis was conceived to be a grand resting place for Milan's most prominent citizens, reflecting the city's wealth and artistic prowess during the 19th and 20th centuries. As you wander through its serene pathways, you'll discover a breathtaking collection of sculptures, temples, and mausoleums, ranging from classical and Gothic Revival to Art Nouveau and contemporary designs. Each monument tells a story, often commissioned by wealthy families and executed by renowned artists, making it a truly unique destination among the best places to visit in Milan.

This cemetery offers a profound journey through Milanese history and art. The central Famedio, or Temple of Fame, is a striking Neo-Medieval building at the entrance, serving as the final resting place for some of Milan's most illustrious figures, including the celebrated writer Alessandro Manzoni and the conductor Arturo Toscanini. Beyond the Famedio, you'll encounter the tombs of other notable personalities who shaped Italy's cultural and industrial landscape, such as the poet Alda Merini, the singer-songwriter Giorgio Gaber, and the Nobel laureates Dario Fo and Franca Rame. The sheer diversity of the funerary art, from intricate allegorical sculptures to grand architectural statements like the Mausoleo della Famiglia Campari, which depicts the Last Supper, provides a captivating visual narrative. You'll find works by masters like Leonardo Bistolfi and Adolfo Wildt, transforming the cemetery into a gallery of modern Italian sculpture.

Visiting the Monumental Cemetery of Milan allows you to step away from the bustling city center and immerse yourself in a tranquil space that celebrates life, art, and memory. It's a place where you can reflect on the legacies of those who contributed significantly to Milan and Italy, all while appreciating exceptional artistic craftsmanship. The cemetery is conveniently located near the vibrant Isola district, known for its trendy cafes, artisan shops, and excellent restaurants, making it easy to combine your visit with a delightful culinary experience or a stroll through one of Milan's most dynamic neighborhoods.

The San Siro Stadium, officially known as Stadio Giuseppe Meazza, stands as a monumental symbol of Milanese football passion and history. Opened in 1926, this iconic arena has been the shared home ground for two of Europe's most storied football clubs, AC Milan and Inter Milan, for decades. Its distinctive architecture, featuring towering spiral ramps and a unique roof structure, makes it instantly recognizable and a true landmark in the city. Visiting San Siro offers a deep dive into the heart of Italian football, allowing you to walk in the footsteps of legends like Giuseppe Meazza himself, after whom the stadium was renamed in 1980. This legendary forward played for both Inter and AC Milan, making the stadium's dual name a fitting tribute to his legacy and the shared history of the two rival clubs. The stadium has witnessed countless historic matches, including games from the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and 1990, and multiple UEFA Champions League finals, cementing its place in global football lore.

A visit to San Siro is a must for any sports enthusiast or curious traveler exploring what to see in Milan. You can embark on the San Siro Stadium Tour, which grants access to the players' changing rooms, the mixed zone, and the pitch-side area, offering a unique perspective usually reserved for athletes. The tour culminates in the San Siro Museum, a treasure trove of memorabilia, trophies, and historical artifacts from both AC Milan and Inter Milan. Here, you can trace the rich history of these clubs, admire their numerous accolades, and relive iconic moments through interactive displays. Beyond the stadium itself, the surrounding San Siro district provides a glimpse into a more local, residential side of Milan, distinct from the bustling city center. While the immediate vicinity is not known for high-end fashion boutiques or gourmet bakeries, the stadium is easily accessible via public transport, connecting you swiftly to areas like the Quadrilatero della Moda for luxury shopping or the Navigli District for charming cafes and vibrant nightlife, allowing you to combine your stadium visit with other quintessential Milanese experiences.

One of the most fascinating aspects of San Siro is its status as one of the very few major stadiums in the world shared by two fiercely rival clubs. This unique arrangement creates an unparalleled atmosphere on match days, where the stadium transforms into a cauldron of passion, divided yet united by the love of the game. The stadium's capacity, exceeding 75,000 spectators, ensures an electrifying experience when full. Despite ongoing discussions about potential new stadiums for AC Milan and Inter Milan, San Siro remains a beloved and iconic landmark, deeply ingrained in the city's identity. Its enduring legacy and the sheer volume of football history contained within its walls make it an incredibly compelling destination.

The Basilica of San Lorenzo Maggiore stands as a profound testament to Milan's ancient past, a city often celebrated for its modernity and fashion. Located near the historic Porta Ticinese, this basilica is one of the oldest and most historically significant churches in Milan, with its origins tracing back to the late Roman Empire, likely constructed between the late 4th and early 5th centuries. Its imposing facade, fronted by the iconic Columns of San Lorenzo, immediately transports you back in time, offering a striking contrast to the bustling contemporary urban landscape. These sixteen Corinthian columns, salvaged from a 2nd-century Roman temple or public building, were meticulously re-erected here, serving as a grand, albeit anachronistic, entrance to the sacred space. This architectural juxtaposition highlights the basilica's unique position as a living museum, continually evolving yet firmly rooted in its foundational history.

Step inside, and you'll discover a vast, centrally planned structure, originally designed with a Byzantine influence, though it has undergone numerous reconstructions and modifications over the centuries due to fires and collapses. Despite these changes, the basilica retains an undeniable sense of its ancient grandeur. A visit here is essential for anyone exploring Milan attractions, particularly if you appreciate layers of history. Don't miss the Chapel of Sant'Aquilino, an octagonal annex believed to have been built as an imperial mausoleum. Inside, you can admire remarkable 4th-century mosaics depicting Christ and the Apostles, offering a rare glimpse into early Christian art. Legend also suggests that the sarcophagus of Galla Placidia, daughter of Emperor Theodosius I, was once housed here, further cementing its imperial connections. The basilica's history is intertwined with figures like Maximian, who may have commissioned its initial construction, and later emperors who used it as a symbol of their power and faith. The statue of Constantine the Great, located in the square outside, commemorates the emperor who issued the Edict of Milan, granting religious tolerance, a pivotal moment in Christian history.

Exploring the Basilica of San Lorenzo Maggiore offers a unique opportunity to connect with Milan's deep historical roots, far beyond its reputation as a fashion capital. The area surrounding the basilica, particularly around the Columns of San Lorenzo, transforms into a lively hub in the evenings, popular with locals and students who gather for aperitivo or simply to socialize. You'll find a variety of charming cafes, traditional bakeries, and contemporary eateries in the nearby Ticinese district, perfect for savoring a coffee or enjoying an an authentic Milanese meal after your historical exploration. This blend of ancient heritage and vibrant modern life makes the basilica not just a historical site, but a dynamic part of the city's social fabric.

The La Scala Opera House, known globally as Teatro alla Scala, stands as a monumental symbol of Italian opera and culture in the heart of Milan. This iconic institution, inaugurated in 1778, was designed by the renowned architect Giuseppe Piermarini and built on the site of the former church of Santa Maria della Scala, from which it derives its name. Its neoclassical façade, while elegant, offers a subtle hint of the opulent grandeur that awaits inside. For centuries, La Scala has been the stage for some of the world's most celebrated operatic and ballet performances, hosting premieres of masterpieces by legendary composers and nurturing the careers of countless musical giants. It was originally commissioned by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, reflecting the city's deep-rooted appreciation for the arts even in the 18th century.

Delving into the history of La Scala reveals a rich tapestry of artistic innovation and resilience. It was here that many of Giuseppe Verdi's operas first captivated audiences, solidifying his legacy and often sparking passionate debates among the public. The theater also witnessed the transformative leadership of conductors like Arturo Toscanini and the mesmerizing performances of divas such as Maria Callas, whose voices echoed through its hallowed halls, leaving an indelible mark on operatic history. Despite suffering significant damage during World War II, La Scala was meticulously rebuilt and reopened in 1946, a testament to Milan's unwavering commitment to its cultural heritage. When considering what to see in Milan, a visit to La Scala offers more than just a chance to attend a performance; you can explore the La Scala Museum (Museo Teatrale alla Scala). This fascinating museum houses an extensive collection of costumes, set designs, musical instruments, and portraits of famous musicians and performers, providing a deep dive into the theater's illustrious past. From the museum, you can often catch a glimpse of the magnificent auditorium itself, with its plush red velvet seats and gilded boxes, a truly breathtaking sight.

One of the most intriguing aspects of La Scala is its legendary acoustics, carefully engineered to provide an unparalleled auditory experience, making every note resonate perfectly. The theater is also famous for its "loggione," the gallery where the most passionate and discerning opera fans gather, known for their demanding applause and occasional boos – a true test for any performer. An interesting anecdote tells of the "lucky" box, box number 13, which is said to bring good fortune to its occupants, a superstition many still observe. After immersing yourself in the world of opera, you'll find La Scala perfectly situated for further exploration of Milan. It is just a stone's throw from the magnificent Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, a stunning 19th-century shopping arcade often referred to as "Milan's drawing room." Here, you can admire exquisite architecture, browse high-end fashion boutiques like Prada and Louis Vuitton, or savor a coffee at historic cafes such as Camparino in Galleria, making it an ideal spot to unwind after your cultural journey.

The Brera Art Gallery (Pinacoteca di Brera) stands as a cornerstone of Italian art, nestled in the heart of Milan's vibrant Brera district. Its origins trace back to 1776 when Maria Theresa of Austria founded it as an academy of fine arts, aiming to educate students in the principles of art. However, its transformation into a public museum, the Pinacoteca di Brera, occurred under the decree of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1809. Napoleon envisioned the gallery as a grand repository for masterpieces confiscated from churches and convents across territories conquered by the French, particularly from Lombardy and Veneto. This historical context makes the gallery unique, as it was conceived not from a private collection, but as a public institution dedicated to showcasing the artistic heritage of Italy, making it one of the most significant Milan attractions for art enthusiasts. When you step inside, you are not just entering a museum; you are walking through centuries of Italian artistic evolution, from the Renaissance to the early 20th century, presented in a setting that feels both grand and intimate.

Within its hallowed halls, you will discover an unparalleled collection of Italian painting, featuring works by some of the most revered masters. Prepare to be captivated by Andrea Mantegna's poignant Lamentation of Christ, a revolutionary work of perspective and emotion that continues to awe viewers. Marvel at Raphael's exquisite The Marriage of the Virgin, a masterpiece of High Renaissance grace and harmony. The gallery also proudly displays Caravaggio's dramatic Supper at Emmaus, showcasing his signature use of chiaroscuro to create intense realism. Beyond these titans, you can admire the serene beauty of works by Piero della Francesca, the vibrant colors of Giovanni Bellini, and the dynamic compositions of Tintoretto. A particular highlight for many is Francesco Hayez's iconic The Kiss, a symbol of Italian Romanticism that perfectly encapsulates the era's passion and patriotism. Each piece tells a story, offering insights into the artistic movements, religious fervor, and societal changes that shaped Italy over centuries.

After immersing yourself in the artistic treasures of the Brera Art Gallery, take time to explore the charming Brera district itself. This bohemian neighborhood, with its cobbled streets and historic buildings, is a delightful extension of the gallery's artistic spirit. You'll find a plethora of independent art galleries, antique shops, and unique boutiques along streets like Via Brera, perfect for a leisurely stroll. The area is also renowned for its inviting cafes and traditional Milanese trattorias, where you can savor authentic local cuisine or enjoy a classic Italian coffee. Consider stopping at a local bakery for a sweet treat, or simply soak in the vibrant atmosphere that makes Brera a beloved spot for both locals and visitors.

The Sforza Castle stands as a formidable testament to Milan's rich and complex history, evolving from a medieval fortress into a magnificent ducal residence and, today, one of the city's most significant cultural complexes. Originally built in the 15th century by Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan, on the ruins of an earlier fortification, this imposing structure has witnessed centuries of power struggles, artistic patronage, and architectural transformation. As you approach its grand walls and towers, you'll immediately grasp its strategic importance and the sheer scale of its past. The castle served as the primary residence for the powerful Sforza dynasty, who, along with the Visconti family before them, shaped Milan into a leading center of the Renaissance. Its robust design, initially conceived for defense, gradually incorporated more refined architectural elements, reflecting the changing tastes and ambitions of its ducal inhabitants.

Within its vast courtyards and halls, you'll discover a treasure trove of art and history, making it one of the essential things to do in Milan for any visitor. The castle houses several civic museums, each offering a unique glimpse into different facets of human creativity and heritage. Explore the Pinacoteca del Castello Sforzesco, home to an impressive collection of paintings, or delve into ancient civilizations at the Egyptian Museum and the Archaeological Museum of Milan. A true highlight is the Rondanini Pietà Museum, where you can contemplate Michelangelo's poignant final sculpture, an unfinished masterpiece that offers a profound insight into the artist's later years. Don't miss the Sala delle Asse, a room famously decorated by Leonardo da Vinci with a stunning fresco depicting a pergola of trees, showcasing his genius beyond the canvas. Stroll through the castle's various courtyards, such as the Corte Ducale and the Rocchetta, imagining the lives of dukes and artists who once walked these very grounds.

Beyond the historical and artistic wonders inside, the castle's location is equally appealing. Step out of its rear entrance, and you'll find yourself directly in Parco Sempione, Milan's largest urban park, offering a refreshing green oasis perfect for a leisurely walk or a moment of relaxation. From the park, you can admire the Arco della Pace, a neoclassical triumphal arch. After immersing yourself in centuries of history, consider a short walk towards the vibrant Brera district or Corso Garibaldi, where you can find charming cafes and renowned bakeries like Princi Bakery, perfect for a traditional Italian coffee and pastry.

The Museo del Novecento, nestled within the striking Palazzo dell'Arengario and directly facing the magnificent Piazza del Duomo, offers a captivating journey through 20th-century Italian art. This museum is a crucial stop when considering what to see in Milan, providing a comprehensive and engaging overview of the artistic movements that shaped modern Italy. Housed in a building originally constructed in the 1930s during the Fascist era by architects like Piero Portaluppi, Giovanni Muzio, Giuseppe Maggi, and Paolo Baselli, the museum itself is a testament to architectural transformation, having opened in 2010 after a significant renovation. Its prime location makes it easily accessible and a perfect complement to exploring the city's historic heart.

Inside, you will discover a meticulously curated collection of over 400 works, tracing the evolution of Italian art from Futurism to Arte Povera. Marvel at masterpieces by iconic artists such as Umberto Boccioni, whose "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" is a cornerstone of the Futurist movement, and Giorgio de Chirico, a pioneer of Metaphysical Art. The museum also proudly displays significant works by Amedeo Modigliani, Lucio Fontana, and Piero Manzoni, among others, offering a profound insight into the cultural and social shifts of the last century. The chronological layout guides you through a rich narrative, allowing you to appreciate the innovative spirit and diverse expressions of Italian artists. One of the museum's most celebrated features is Lucio Fontana's "Neon Structure," a dazzling installation that illuminates the space and exemplifies the artist's groundbreaking approach to light and form.

As you ascend the museum's impressive spiral ramp, you are treated to breathtaking panoramic views of the Duomo di Milano and Piazza del Duomo, providing a unique perspective on Milan's urban landscape. This architectural feature not only serves as a functional pathway but also enhances the overall visitor experience, blending art appreciation with stunning cityscapes. After immersing yourself in 20th-century art, you might consider a stroll through the nearby Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, home to luxury fashion boutiques like Prada and Louis Vuitton, or perhaps enjoy a classic Italian aperitivo at the historic Camparino in Galleria. Alternatively, the top floor of the Rinascente department store, just steps away, offers a variety of dining options with fantastic views, perfect for reflecting on the artistic treasures you've just encountered.

The Porta Nuova District in Milan stands as a testament to the city's remarkable ability to blend its rich historical legacy with a bold vision for the future. This vibrant, modern urban area, located just north of the historic center and easily accessible from Garibaldi Station, has undergone an extraordinary transformation from a former industrial zone into one of Europe's most impressive examples of contemporary urban regeneration. Initiated in the early 2000s, the project aimed to redefine Milan's skyline and create a sustainable, livable environment. As you explore this district, you'll quickly understand why it's considered one of the best places to visit in Milan for those seeking a glimpse into the city's innovative spirit.

Wander through Piazza Gae Aulenti, the district's central hub, a sleek, elevated circular plaza designed by architect César Pelli, who also designed the towering Unicredit Tower, Italy's tallest building. The piazza is a dynamic space, often bustling with activity, featuring captivating water features and light installations that create a mesmerizing atmosphere, especially in the evening. From here, your gaze will inevitably be drawn to the iconic Bosco Verticale, or "Vertical Forest," two residential towers designed by Stefano Boeri. These groundbreaking buildings are adorned with over 20,000 trees, shrubs, and plants, making them a living, breathing example of sustainable architecture and a global benchmark for urban biodiversity. This innovative design not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also contributes to air purification and temperature regulation, showcasing Milan's commitment to green initiatives. Beyond the architectural marvels, the district offers a wealth of experiences. Stroll through the Biblioteca degli Alberi (Library of Trees) park, a beautifully designed green space perfect for relaxation or a leisurely walk, offering a serene contrast to the surrounding skyscrapers.

For those interested in fashion, art, and design, a visit to 10 Corso Como is a must. This renowned concept store, located just a short walk from Piazza Gae Aulenti, offers a unique blend of high-end fashion, art exhibitions, books, and a charming cafe, embodying Milan's reputation as a global style capital. Food enthusiasts will appreciate Eataly Smeraldo, a multi-level gourmet food market and restaurant housed in a former theater, where you can savor authentic Italian delicacies or enjoy a meal.