What to see in Florence

The Piazzale Michelangelo is a renowned panoramic viewpoint in Florence, offering breathtaking vistas of the city and the surrounding Arno Valley. Designed by architect Giuseppe Poggi in 1869, this grand square was conceived as part of the urban renewal project when Florence served as the capital of Italy. Poggi envisioned it as a monument to Michelangelo, hence the name, and originally planned for it to house all of Michelangelo's masterpieces. While that grand vision wasn't fully realized, the square proudly features bronze replicas of some of his most famous works, including the iconic David and the four allegories from the Medici Chapels at the Basilica of San Lorenzo. Perched on a hill just south of the historic center, the Piazzale provides an unparalleled perspective, allowing you to identify key landmarks like the Duomo with Brunelleschi's dome, the Palazzo Vecchio, the Ponte Vecchio, and the Santa Croce Basilica. It's a truly unmissable spot and often considered one of the best places to visit in Florence for its sheer beauty and photographic opportunities, especially at sunset when the city is bathed in a golden glow.

Beyond its stunning views, the Piazzale Michelangelo serves as a popular gathering spot for both locals and visitors. You'll find vendors selling souvenirs, local artists showcasing their work, and often street musicians adding to the vibrant atmosphere. The journey up to the Piazzale itself can be an enjoyable part of the experience; you can opt for a scenic walk from the Oltrarno district, a bus ride, or even a leisurely drive. For those who appreciate a good meal with a view, consider stopping by La Loggia, a historic restaurant right on the Piazzale, known for its classic Florentine dishes and incredible panorama. Alternatively, explore the charming streets leading up to the square, where you might discover smaller, authentic trattorias or artisan shops. The square is not just a viewpoint; it's a testament to Florence's enduring artistic legacy and its ability to inspire awe.

Historically, the creation of Piazzale Michelangelo was part of a larger urban plan that transformed Florence in the mid-19th century, reflecting the city's aspirations as a modern capital. Giuseppe Poggi also designed the tree-lined boulevards, or viali, that encircle the city center, connecting the Piazzale to other significant areas. The square's dedication to Michelangelo underscores Florence's deep connection to the Renaissance and its most celebrated artists. It's a place where history, art, and natural beauty converge, offering a moment of reflection and appreciation for the city's grandeur.

The Piazza della Signoria stands as the vibrant heart of Florence, a grand public square that has served as the city's political and social hub for centuries. Dominated by the imposing Palazzo Vecchio, the former seat of the Signoria of Florence and now the city hall, this piazza is an unparalleled open-air museum, inviting you to step directly into the rich tapestry of Florentine history. As you arrive, you'll immediately sense the weight of the past, from the medieval origins of the Palazzo Vecchio to the Renaissance masterpieces that adorn the square. It's a place where significant historical events unfolded, including the infamous "Bonfire of the Vanities" orchestrated by Girolamo Savonarola in 1497, and his subsequent execution right here in 1498. The piazza is a testament to Florence's enduring legacy as a center of art, power, and culture, making it a can't-miss stop among the many things to do in Florence.

Beyond its historical gravitas, Piazza della Signoria captivates with its extraordinary collection of sculptures. Take your time to admire the iconic replica of Michelangelo's David standing proudly at the entrance of Palazzo Vecchio, a symbol of the Florentine Republic's defiance. Adjacent to the palace, the Loggia dei Lanzi houses a breathtaking array of original Renaissance and Mannerist sculptures. Here, you can marvel at Benvenuto Cellini's dramatic Perseus with the Head of Medusa, a bronze masterpiece that captures a moment of triumph, and Giambologna's dynamic Rape of the Sabine Women, a complex marble group showcasing incredible artistic skill. Don't miss Bartolomeo Ammannati's grand Fountain of Neptune, a monumental work that was initially criticized but has become an integral part of the square's identity. The equestrian monument of Cosimo I de' Medici, also by Giambologna, further solidifies the piazza's connection to the powerful Medici dynasty. After immersing yourself in art and history, consider a delightful pause at Caffè Rivoire, a historic cafe and chocolate shop located directly on the piazza, perfect for savoring a coffee or a sweet treat while soaking in the atmosphere.

This central square continues to be a bustling meeting point, where locals and visitors alike gather to enjoy the city's pulse. Stroll through the piazza, observe the intricate details of the sculptures, and imagine the centuries of political intrigue and artistic innovation that have unfolded on these very cobblestones.

The Accademia Gallery in Florence is an essential stop for anyone exploring the city's unparalleled artistic heritage. While it is globally renowned as the home of Michelangelo's iconic David, the gallery offers a much richer experience, inviting you to delve deeper into the artistic soul of the Renaissance. Housed within what was once part of the Accademia di Belle Arti (Academy of Fine Arts), this museum was specifically established in 1784 by Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo to provide students with a collection of masterpieces for study. Its primary purpose was to gather significant works from various convents and suppressed religious institutions, making them accessible for artistic education and public appreciation.

Stepping into the Accademia Gallery, you are immediately drawn to the majestic figure of David, standing proudly at the end of a long corridor. Carved by Michelangelo from a single, colossal block of Carrara marble between 1501 and 1504, this masterpiece originally stood in Piazza della Signoria, symbolizing the Florentine Republic's strength and defiance against tyranny. Its relocation to the gallery in 1873 was a monumental undertaking, aimed at protecting it from the elements and ensuring its preservation for future generations. Beyond David, you'll encounter Michelangelo's unfinished Prisoners (or Slaves), powerful sculptures that seem to struggle to free themselves from their marble confines, offering a unique insight into the artist's creative process and the concept of non finito. These works, originally intended for the tomb of Pope Julius II, provide a fascinating contrast to the polished perfection of David and solidify the gallery's status as one of the best places to visit in Florence for understanding Renaissance sculpture.

But the Accademia Gallery is not solely dedicated to Michelangelo. Take time to explore the Hall of the Colossus, featuring Giambologna's plaster model of the Rape of the Sabine Women, alongside other significant Florentine paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries. The museum also boasts an impressive collection of musical instruments, including several by Bartolomeo Cristofori, the inventor of the piano, offering a delightful detour into the history of music. To truly appreciate your visit, consider booking tickets in advance, especially during peak season, to bypass long queues. After immersing yourself in centuries of art, stroll along Via Ricasoli or Via Cavour, where you'll find charming cafes and artisan shops.

The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, often simply called the Duomo, stands as the undisputed heart of Florence and an architectural marvel that defines the city's skyline. Its colossal dome, a masterpiece of engineering, dominates the urban landscape, inviting you to delve into centuries of history and artistic innovation. Begun in 1296 by Arnolfo di Cambio and consecrated in 1436, this magnificent basilica represents the pinnacle of Florentine Gothic and early Renaissance architecture, a testament to the city's wealth and ambition during its golden age. Its sheer scale and intricate details, from the vibrant marble facade to the towering Giotto's Bell Tower and the adjacent Baptistery of St. John with its famous Gates of Paradise by Lorenzo Ghiberti, offer a profound journey into the artistic and spiritual soul of Florence.

As you plan your things to do in Florence, dedicating ample time to the Duomo Complex is essential. Ascending to the top of Brunelleschi's Dome is an unforgettable experience, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the city and the surrounding Tuscan hills. This climb not only rewards you with unparalleled vistas but also provides an intimate look at the dome's ingenious double-shell construction, a feat of engineering that remained unsurpassed for centuries. Inside the dome, marvel at the stunning frescoes depicting the Last Judgment by Giorgio Vasari and Federico Zuccari, a vibrant and dramatic spectacle that covers the entire interior surface. Alternatively, climb Giotto's Bell Tower for a different perspective of the dome itself and the city below. The Duomo is not just a building; it's a symbol of human ingenuity and artistic ambition, a place where you can truly feel the pulse of the Renaissance.

Beyond the main cathedral, explore the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, which houses many of the original artworks from the complex, including sculptures by Donatello and Michelangelo. After immersing yourself in this historical grandeur, consider a delightful stop at Caffè Gilli, a historic Florentine café located just a short stroll from the Duomo in Piazza della Repubblica. Here, you can savor traditional Italian pastries and coffee, reflecting on the beauty you've just witnessed.

The Ponte Vecchio stands as an enduring symbol of Florence, gracefully arching over the Arno River. This iconic medieval stone bridge is renowned for its unique design, featuring shops built directly along its length, a characteristic that sets it apart from most bridges worldwide. As you stroll across its ancient cobblestones, you'll find yourself immersed in centuries of history, surrounded by the glittering displays of artisan jewelers, a tradition that has defined the bridge for hundreds of years. It's a truly captivating experience, offering not just a crossing but a destination in itself, making it one of the most beloved Florence attractions.

Historically, the Ponte Vecchio has a rich and fascinating past. While a bridge has stood on this site since Roman times, the current structure dates back to 1345, rebuilt after a devastating flood. Initially, the shops lining the bridge were occupied by butchers, tanners, and other tradesmen whose waste was simply discarded into the river below. However, in 1565, Cosimo I de' Medici commissioned Giorgio Vasari to build the Vasari Corridor above the shops. This private elevated passageway connected the Palazzo Vecchio, the seat of government, to the Palazzo Pitti, the Medici family's residence on the other side of the river, allowing the Grand Duke to move freely and securely without mixing with the common people. The stench from the butchers' shops was deemed unacceptable for the Grand Duke's passage, leading to an edict in 1593 that replaced them with goldsmiths and jewelers, a tradition that continues to this day. This decision transformed the bridge into a more elegant and prestigious commercial hub. During World War II, the Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge in Florence that the retreating German army spared from destruction, reportedly due to a direct order from Adolf Hitler himself, who was captivated by its beauty during a visit.

Visiting the Ponte Vecchio offers more than just a glimpse into history; it's an opportunity to witness a living piece of Florence's heritage. Beyond the dazzling jewelry shops, you can pause at the central open sections, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the Arno River and the surrounding cityscape, especially enchanting at sunset. Just steps away, you'll find the world-renowned Uffizi Gallery, home to masterpieces of Renaissance art, and a short walk will lead you to charming local cafes and eateries where you can savor authentic Tuscan flavors.

The Uffizi Gallery, nestled alongside the Piazza della Signoria and the Arno River in the heart of Florence, stands as one of the world's most prestigious art museums. Originally designed by Giorgio Vasari in 1560 for Cosimo I de' Medici to house the administrative offices (uffizi) of the Florentine magistrates, this architectural marvel quickly evolved into a repository for the vast art collection amassed by the powerful Medici family. From its inception, the Medici intended for their private collection to be accessible to the public, making the Uffizi one of the oldest museums in the world, predating many national galleries. Its strategic location, connecting the Palazzo Vecchio to the Arno, and its unique U-shaped courtyard, create an immersive experience even before you step inside.

Stepping into the Uffizi Gallery offers an unparalleled journey through the Italian Renaissance, making it undeniably one of the best places to visit in Florence. You will encounter masterpieces that have shaped Western art history, including Sandro Botticelli's ethereal "Birth of Venus" and "Primavera," Leonardo da Vinci's early "Annunciation," and Michelangelo's "Doni Tondo." The gallery also proudly displays works by Raphael, Titian, Caravaggio, and many other giants of art. An intriguing historical detail is the Vasari Corridor, an elevated enclosed passageway built by Giorgio Vasari in 1565, connecting the Uffizi with the Palazzo Pitti across the Arno, allowing the Medici to move freely and securely between their residences and offices. This private passage, often visible from the outside, adds another layer to the gallery's rich narrative. The Medici's foresight in preserving and displaying these treasures ensured that future generations could marvel at the artistic genius of their era.

Beyond the iconic paintings, the Uffizi also houses an impressive collection of ancient sculptures, many of which were acquired by the Medici themselves, reflecting their deep appreciation for classical antiquity. As you wander through its grand halls, you'll not only witness artistic evolution but also feel the palpable presence of centuries of history. After immersing yourself in the gallery's splendor, consider a stroll through the vibrant area surrounding Piazza della Signoria and towards the Ponte Vecchio. Here, you'll find numerous charming cafes and artisanal shops, perfect for savoring a traditional Florentine coffee or exploring local crafts, offering a delightful complement to your artistic exploration.

The Bardini Garden offers a serene escape in the heart of Florence, providing some of the most breathtaking panoramic views of the city. Perched on the Oltrarno hills, this multi-layered garden is a true hidden gem, often overshadowed by its more famous neighbor, the Boboli Gardens. Stepping into Bardini Garden allows you to immerse yourself in centuries of Florentine history and horticulture, making it one of the best places to visit in Florence for those seeking beauty and tranquility away from the bustling crowds.

Originally part of the Mozzi Villa estate in the 17th century, the garden has evolved through various ownerships, each leaving its distinct mark. It was significantly transformed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Stefano Bardini, an influential art collector and antique dealer, who integrated different garden styles into a harmonious whole. You'll discover a magnificent Baroque staircase leading up to the Kaffeehaus, where you can savor a coffee while gazing at iconic landmarks like Brunelleschi's Dome, Palazzo Vecchio, and the Santa Croce Basilica. Beyond the formal Italianate garden, you can wander through an English-style wood with exotic plants and an agricultural park featuring olive groves, reflecting Tuscany's rural landscape. The famous Wisteria tunnel, a vibrant cascade of purple blooms in spring, is a particularly enchanting spot for photographs. After years of meticulous restoration, the garden, along with Villa Bardini, which now hosts temporary exhibitions and the Museo Annigoni, reopened to the public in 2005, preserving its historical integrity and natural beauty.

A visit to Bardini Garden provides a unique perspective on Florence, allowing you to appreciate its architectural grandeur from a peaceful vantage point. Unlike the often-crowded Boboli Gardens, Bardini offers a more intimate and contemplative experience. Its diverse landscapes ensure there's always something new to discover, from classical statues and fountains to lush greenery. Located just a short walk from the Pitti Palace and the vibrant Oltrarno district, known for its artisan workshops and traditional Florentine eateries, you can easily combine your garden visit with exploring the authentic local culture.

The Basilica of Santa Croce is a monumental Franciscan church in Florence, renowned as the burial place of some of the most illustrious figures in Italian history, earning it the nickname "Temple of Italian Glories" or the "Pantheon of Florence." The current basilica, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, began construction in 1294, likely designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, on the foundations of an earlier church founded by St. Francis of Assisi himself. As you explore its vast interior, you'll discover why it's a truly unmissable stop when considering what to see in Florence, offering a profound journey through art, history, and the very soul of the Renaissance. This sacred space houses the tombs and cenotaphs of giants like the artist Michelangelo, the scientist Galileo Galilei, the political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli, the composer Gioachino Rossini, and the poets Vittorio Alfieri and Ugo Foscolo. Even though his tomb is in Ravenna, a striking cenotaph for Dante Alighieri stands proudly, a testament to his enduring legacy.

Beyond its role as a necropolis for Italy's greats, the Basilica of Santa Croce is a treasure trove of Renaissance art. Take your time to admire the vibrant frescoes by Giotto in the Bardi and Peruzzi Chapels, which depict scenes from the lives of St. Francis and St. John the Evangelist, offering a rare glimpse into the early Renaissance master's revolutionary style. Don't miss Donatello's poignant Annunciation and his powerful Crucifix, both showcasing his mastery of sculpture. A true architectural gem within the complex is the Pazzi Chapel, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, a harmonious example of Renaissance proportion and perspective that will captivate you with its elegant simplicity. As you wander through the cloisters, you'll find the Museo dell'Opera di Santa Croce, which houses more artistic masterpieces and historical artifacts related to the basilica. An interesting and unique feature is the Scuola del Cuoio (Leather School), located within the monastery complex, where you can observe artisans crafting high-quality leather goods, a perfect spot to find a unique souvenir. After immersing yourself in centuries of art and history, step out into the bustling Piazza Santa Croce, a lively square perfect for people-watching.

The Basilica of Santa Maria Novella stands as a magnificent testament to Florentine Gothic and early Renaissance art and architecture, conveniently located just steps from the city's main train station. This Dominican church, consecrated in 1420, is not merely a place of worship but a veritable museum, offering a profound journey through centuries of artistic innovation. As you explore the many things to do in Florence, dedicating time to this basilica is essential for anyone keen to delve into the city's rich artistic heritage. Its striking facade, completed by Leon Battista Alberti in the mid-15th century, is a pioneering example of Renaissance architecture, harmoniously blending classical elements with the existing Gothic structure and even incorporating astronomical instruments like an armillary sphere and a gnomon.

Step inside to discover an unparalleled collection of masterpieces that shaped the course of Western art. You'll encounter Masaccio's Holy Trinity, a groundbreaking fresco from the 1420s that revolutionized painting with its use of linear perspective, creating an astonishing illusion of depth. Gaze upon Giotto's Crucifix, an early work by the master, and marvel at Brunelleschi's Crucifix, a rare wooden sculpture by the architect of the Duomo's dome, known for its profound humanism. The Tornabuoni Chapel, adorned with vibrant frescoes by Domenico Ghirlandaio and his workshop (which famously included a young Michelangelo), offers a vivid glimpse into 15th-century Florentine life, depicting scenes from the lives of the Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist, replete with portraits of prominent citizens. Don't miss the serene Green Cloister and the Spanish Chapel, both featuring significant fresco cycles that narrate stories from the Old Testament and the triumph of the Dominican order.

Beyond its artistic treasures, the basilica holds a unique connection to Florence's history of craftsmanship and innovation. Just around the corner, you'll find the Officina Profumo-Farmaceutica di Santa Maria Novella, one of the oldest pharmacies in the world, founded by the Dominican friars themselves in 1221. Originally cultivating medicinal herbs, it evolved into a renowned producer of perfumes, soaps, and herbal remedies, offering a sensory experience that complements your visit to the basilica. Exploring this historic pharmacy is a delightful addition to your itinerary of things to do in Florence, allowing you to take home a piece of the city's aromatic legacy.

The Forte di Belvedere stands majestically atop the highest hill of the Boboli Gardens, offering one of the most breathtaking panoramic views of Florence and the surrounding Tuscan countryside. This formidable fortress, whose name translates to “Beautiful Fort,” was commissioned by Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici and designed by the brilliant architect Bernardo Buontalenti. Constructed between 1590 and 1595, its primary purpose was multifaceted: to protect the city from external threats, to safeguard the Medici family, and to serve as a secure treasury for the family's immense wealth. Its strategic location and innovative design, featuring a star-shaped plan and robust bastions, made it an impregnable stronghold, symbolizing the power and ambition of the Medici dynasty. The fort's construction also involved the use of advanced military engineering for its time, making it a fascinating example of Renaissance defensive architecture.

Visiting Forte di Belvedere provides a unique opportunity to step back in time while enjoying unparalleled vistas. From its commanding ramparts, you gain an unparalleled perspective on what to see in Florence, with iconic landmarks like the Duomo, Palazzo Vecchio, and the winding Arno River laid out before you, seemingly at your fingertips. Beyond its historical significance, the fort has evolved into a prominent cultural venue, frequently hosting significant contemporary art exhibitions by renowned international artists such as Henry Moore and Jan Fabre. These temporary installations create a compelling dialogue between ancient architecture and modern artistic expression, adding another layer of intrigue to your visit. The journey up to the fort, whether by foot through the scenic Boboli Gardens or via the charming streets of the Oltrarno, is part of the experience, allowing you to appreciate the city's topography.

After exploring the fort and soaking in the magnificent views, consider descending into the vibrant Oltrarno district, located just below. This charming neighborhood is renowned for its traditional artisan workshops, where you can observe skilled craftsmen at work, and its authentic Florentine trattorias and cafes. It's the perfect place to savor local flavors, enjoy a traditional Italian coffee, or discover unique handcrafted souvenirs, offering a delightful contrast to the fort's grand scale. The Oltrarno provides a genuine taste of local life, making it an ideal complement to your historical exploration of Forte di Belvedere.

The Palazzo Vecchio stands proudly in Piazza della Signoria, serving as the civic heart of Florence for over seven centuries. Begun in 1299 and largely designed by Arnolfo di Cambio, this imposing fortress-palace was originally built to house the Priors of the Guilds and the Gonfaloniere of Justice, the highest magistrates of the Florentine Republic. Its robust, rusticated stone facade and the soaring Arnolfo Tower immediately convey its historical role as a symbol of the city's independent spirit and political power. As you approach, you'll notice the replica of Michelangelo's David guarding the entrance, a testament to the artistic prowess that defined the Florentine Renaissance. This iconic landmark is undoubtedly one of the best places to visit in Florence, offering a deep dive into the city's rich past.

Step inside Palazzo Vecchio to explore its magnificent halls and chambers, each echoing with tales of the powerful Medici family and the vibrant Florentine Republic. The grandest space is the Salone dei Cinquecento (Hall of the Five Hundred), a colossal hall commissioned by Savonarola and later expanded by Giorgio Vasari for Cosimo I de' Medici. Imagine the political debates and grand ceremonies that unfolded here. This hall was famously intended to feature frescoes by two Renaissance giants, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, depicting the Battles of Anghiari and Cascina, respectively, though neither was completed. Instead, you'll marvel at Vasari's impressive frescoes glorifying Cosimo I's victories. Don't miss the intimate Studiolo of Francesco I, a hidden gem of Mannerist art, where Francesco I de' Medici pursued his scientific and alchemical interests amidst a dazzling array of allegorical paintings and sculptures. Wander through the opulent Quartieri Monumentali, the private apartments of Cosimo I and Eleonora di Toledo, adorned with exquisite frescoes and furnishings that offer a glimpse into their daily lives.

Ascend the Arnolfo Tower for breathtaking panoramic views of Florence, including the Duomo, Giotto's Bell Tower, and the Arno River. It's a truly unforgettable perspective of the city. The palace also houses a fascinating collection of artifacts, including what is believed to be the death mask of Dante Alighieri, adding another layer of historical intrigue. After immersing yourself in centuries of Florentine history, you might consider a delightful stop at Rivoire, a historic cafe and chocolatier located right in Piazza della Signoria, just steps from the palace. Savor a traditional Italian coffee or indulge in some exquisite chocolates while reflecting on the grandeur of Palazzo Vecchio.

The Boboli Gardens, nestled behind the magnificent Pitti Palace in Florence, represent a quintessential example of the Italian garden style, laying the groundwork for many European royal gardens. This sprawling green oasis, covering an area of 45,000 square meters, was originally designed for the Medici family, specifically commissioned by Eleonora di Toledo, wife of Cosimo I de' Medici, in the mid-16th century. It evolved over centuries, with contributions from renowned architects and landscape designers like Niccolò Tribolo, Bartolomeo Ammannati, and Bernardo Buontalenti, transforming it into a masterpiece of Renaissance landscaping. As you explore what to see in Florence, a visit to these gardens offers a serene escape and a deep dive into the city's rich history and artistic heritage, providing a different perspective from the bustling streets and grand museums.

Wander through the meticulously sculpted terraces, grand avenues, and hidden pathways, and you'll discover a wealth of statues, fountains, and grottoes. The Amphitheatre, carved into the hillside, was once the setting for spectacular court entertainments and early opera performances. Don't miss the impressive Neptune's Fountain, often called the "Fountain of the Fork" by locals due to Neptune's trident, or the charming Isolotto, an island in a large pond adorned with sculptures. A true highlight is the Grotta del Buontalenti, an artificial grotto filled with stalactites, sponges, and mythological sculptures, showcasing the Mannerist style. The gardens are not just a beautiful space; they are a living museum, reflecting the power, wealth, and artistic sensibilities of the Medici and later the Lorraine dynasties who continued to expand and refine them. The strategic placement of statues and architectural elements creates stunning vistas, offering panoramic views of Florence and the surrounding Tuscan hills.

Beyond their aesthetic appeal, the Boboli Gardens served as a private retreat and a stage for court life, embodying the Renaissance ideal of harmony between art and nature. The intricate water systems, fed by the Arno River, were an engineering marvel of their time, ensuring the lushness of the diverse plant collections. After immersing yourself in the artistic wonders of the Uffizi Gallery or the architectural grandeur of the Duomo, strolling through Boboli provides a refreshing change of pace. For a delightful post-garden treat, consider a short walk into the Oltrarno district, where you can find charming local bakeries and cafes, such as Pasticceria Nencioni, a beloved spot for traditional Florentine pastries, offering a taste of authentic local life just a stone's throw away.

The Palazzo Medici Riccardi, a true architectural marvel, stands as a testament to the power and influence of the Medici family in Renaissance Florence. Commissioned by Cosimo de' Medici (known as Cosimo the Elder) in 1444 and designed by the renowned architect Michelozzo, this palace was the original residence of the powerful Medici dynasty for over a century. Its robust yet elegant design, characterized by its rusticated stone façade and internal courtyard, set a new standard for Renaissance palatial architecture, influencing many subsequent grand residences throughout Italy. As you approach, observe the distinct three-story structure, each level progressively lighter in masonry, a deliberate design choice that adds to its imposing yet refined presence. This historic building offers a fascinating glimpse into the private lives and public ambitions of one of Europe's most influential families.

Stepping inside the Palazzo Medici Riccardi, you'll quickly understand why it's considered one of the best places to visit in Florence for those seeking a deep dive into the city's rich history and artistic heritage. A highlight is undoubtedly the Chapel of the Magi, a small but breathtaking private chapel adorned with vibrant frescoes by Benozzo Gozzoli, completed around 1459. These intricate murals depict the Journey of the Magi, but famously include portraits of Medici family members, including Cosimo the Elder, his son Piero the Gouty, and grandson Lorenzo the Magnificent, alongside other prominent figures of the time. The detail and color are simply captivating. Another must-see is the magnificent Luca Giordano Gallery on the first floor, added much later by the Riccardi family who acquired the palace in 1659. Its ceiling is covered with a stunning Baroque fresco, "The Apotheosis of the Medici," by Luca Giordano, showcasing the family's continued legacy even after their direct ownership of the palace. Explore the serene central courtyard, a quintessential example of Renaissance design, offering a peaceful respite from the bustling city.

Beyond its artistic treasures, the Palazzo Medici Riccardi provides a unique opportunity to walk through rooms where history was made and where figures like Lorenzo the Magnificent once entertained artists, philosophers, and dignitaries. The palace also houses the Riccardi Library, a significant collection of manuscripts and books, though access may be limited to researchers. As you conclude your visit, consider exploring the vibrant surroundings. The palace is conveniently located near the bustling San Lorenzo Market, where you can savor local delicacies or browse for leather goods, and the historic Basilica di San Lorenzo, another Medici family church. For a quick coffee or a traditional Florentine meal, numerous charming cafes and trattorias dot the streets nearby, offering a taste of local life just steps from this Renaissance masterpiece.

The Pitti Palace stands as a monumental testament to Florence's rich history and artistic grandeur, originally conceived in the mid-15th century for the ambitious banker Luca Pitti, a rival of the powerful Medici family. Though often attributed to Brunelleschi, the actual architect was likely Luca Fancelli. Its imposing, rusticated façade, built with large, rough-hewn stones, immediately conveys a sense of immense power and scale. The palace's fortunes changed dramatically when it was acquired by the Medici family in 1549, specifically by Eleonora di Toledo, wife of Cosimo I de' Medici. Under their patronage, and that of subsequent Grand Dukes of Tuscany from the House of Lorraine and later the House of Savoy, the Pitti Palace was vastly expanded and transformed into a magnificent royal residence, becoming the primary seat of power in Florence for centuries. It even served as a temporary royal palace for Napoleon during his Italian campaigns and later for the newly unified Kingdom of Italy before being gifted to the Italian people by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1919.

As you explore the Pitti Palace, you'll quickly understand why it's an essential part of what to see in Florence, offering a comprehensive journey through art, history, and lavish court life. The palace now houses several world-class museums, each a treasure trove of its own. Wander through the Palatine Gallery, where you'll be captivated by an unparalleled collection of Renaissance and Baroque masterpieces, including works by Raphael, Titian, Caravaggio, and Rubens, displayed in their original opulent settings. Adjacent to this, the Royal Apartments provide a fascinating glimpse into the private lives of the Medici and Lorraine grand dukes, adorned with exquisite furnishings, frescoes, and tapestries. Beyond these, discover the Gallery of Modern Art, showcasing Italian art from the 18th century to the early 20th century, the Costume and Fashion Museum (the only one of its kind in Italy), the Museum of Porcelain, and the Silver Museum (also known as the Treasury of the Grand Dukes), filled with precious jewels and artifacts.

No visit to the Pitti Palace is complete without strolling through the breathtaking Boboli Gardens, a pioneering example of the Italian garden style that influenced European landscape design for centuries. These sprawling gardens, adorned with ancient and Renaissance statues, grottoes, and grand fountains, offer serene pathways and spectacular panoramic views of Florence. You might even spot the famous Vasari Corridor, an elevated enclosed passageway connecting the Pitti Palace to the Uffizi Gallery and Palazzo Vecchio, originally built for the Medici to move freely and secretly.

The Medici Chapels, an integral part of the Basilica of San Lorenzo complex, stand as a profound testament to the power, wealth, and artistic patronage of the Medici family, who ruled Florence for centuries. This remarkable site offers you a unique opportunity to delve into the heart of Renaissance Florence and witness the extraordinary legacy of one of Europe's most influential dynasties. As you explore what to see in Florence, the chapels provide an unparalleled insight into the family's ambition and their profound impact on art and architecture.

Your visit will primarily focus on two magnificent areas: the New Sacristy (Sagrestia Nuova) and the opulent Chapel of the Princes (Cappella dei Principi). The New Sacristy, designed by the legendary Michelangelo Buonarroti starting in 1520, was conceived as a mausoleum for specific Medici family members. Here, you'll encounter Michelangelo's masterful sculptures adorning the tombs of Giuliano, Duke of Nemours, and Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino. The allegorical figures of Dawn, Dusk, Day, and Night resting on their sarcophagi are among his most celebrated works, embodying the passage of time and the human condition with profound emotional depth. Although the tomb of Lorenzo the Magnificent and his brother Giuliano was also intended for this space, it remains unfinished, yet their presence is felt through the chapel's design. The architectural harmony and sculptural genius within this space are truly captivating, showcasing Michelangelo's innovative approach to integrating sculpture and architecture.

Adjacent to the New Sacristy is the breathtaking Chapel of the Princes, a grand octagonal hall that served as the mausoleum for the Grand Dukes of Tuscany. Commissioned by Ferdinando I de' Medici in the early 17th century, this chapel is a dazzling display of pietre dure (inlaid semi-precious stones), marble, and intricate frescoes. Every surface is adorned with precious materials, depicting the coats of arms of Tuscan towns and the Medici family's heraldry, reflecting their immense power and the vast resources they commanded. The dome, second in size only to Brunelleschi's iconic Duomo, is a marvel in itself, adorned with frescoes by Pietro Benvenuti depicting scenes from the Old and New Testaments. Beneath this grandeur lies the crypt, where many other Medici family members are interred, offering a solemn reflection on their enduring legacy.