What to see in Beijing

The Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yiheyuan, stands as a magnificent testament to imperial China's grandeur, located northwest of central Beijing. This sprawling complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, served as a vast imperial garden and a serene summer retreat for emperors and empresses during the Qing Dynasty. Its construction began in 1750 under the patronage of Emperor Qianlong, who meticulously oversaw its design, transforming it into a harmonious blend of natural landscapes and intricate architectural marvels. The palace was conceived as a private sanctuary, a place where the imperial family could escape the summer heat of the Forbidden City and immerse themselves in nature, art, and leisure.

Tragically, much of the original Summer Palace was destroyed during the Second Opium War in 1860 by Anglo-French forces, leaving many of its exquisite structures in ruins. However, its most famous patron, Empress Dowager Cixi, undertook a massive reconstruction project in the late 19th century, famously diverting funds originally allocated for the imperial navy to restore and expand the palace. This controversial decision, while a point of historical debate, resulted in the breathtaking complex you see today. Exploring the Summer Palace offers a unique opportunity to step back in time and witness the opulent lifestyle of China's last imperial dynasty. It is undoubtedly one of the best places to visit in Beijing, inviting you to wander through its vast grounds. You can stroll along the Long Corridor, a painted wooden walkway stretching over 700 meters, adorned with thousands of intricate paintings depicting classical Chinese stories and landscapes. Marvel at the Tower of Buddhist Incense, perched atop Longevity Hill, offering panoramic views of Kunming Lake and the surrounding gardens. Don't miss the whimsical Marble Boat, a unique stone structure that appears to float on the lake, or the tranquil Garden of Virtue and Harmony, home to a grand opera stage.

The sheer scale and beauty of the Summer Palace are captivating. Kunming Lake, covering three-quarters of the park, provides a serene backdrop for boat rides, while Longevity Hill is dotted with temples, pavilions, and halls. The design perfectly embodies the traditional Chinese landscape garden philosophy, where natural elements like hills and water are integrated with man-made structures to create a picturesque and harmonious environment. Every corner reveals a new vista, a hidden gem, or a piece of history. While there isn't a specific globally renowned fashion store or bakery immediately adjacent to the main entrances, you'll find various local eateries and souvenir shops within and around the park, offering refreshments and mementos to enhance your visit.

The Temple of Heaven, located in the southeastern part of central Beijing, stands as a magnificent testament to imperial China's spiritual devotion and architectural prowess. This sprawling complex, a UNESCO World Heritage site, served as a sacred space where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties performed solemn rituals and offered prayers to Heaven for bountiful harvests and national prosperity. Its design, deeply rooted in ancient Chinese cosmology, symbolizes the relationship between Earth and Heaven, reflecting the emperor's role as the “Son of Heaven” and mediator between the divine and the human realms. Visiting this site offers a profound glimpse into the historical and cultural heart of the city, making it one of the most essential things to do in Beijing for any traveler seeking to understand China's imperial past.

As you explore the Temple of Heaven, you'll encounter its three main groups of structures, each meticulously designed with symbolic significance. The iconic Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, a stunning circular wooden building with a triple-eaved roof, is perhaps the most recognizable image of the complex. This grand hall, built without a single nail, was where the emperor prayed for good harvests. Nearby, the Imperial Vault of Heaven houses the tablets used in the ceremonies, surrounded by the famous Echo Wall, where whispers can travel clearly from one end to the other. Further south, the Circular Mound Altar is an open-air, three-tiered marble platform where the emperor would perform the most important sacrifices at the winter solstice. The precise arrangement of its stones and railings, all in multiples of nine, reinforces the celestial symbolism. Take your time to appreciate the intricate details and the sheer scale of these structures, which embody centuries of architectural wisdom and spiritual belief.

Beyond the architectural marvels, the extensive park surrounding the temples offers a vibrant window into local life. Early mornings are particularly enchanting, as you'll find local residents engaging in various activities, from practicing Tai Chi and Qigong to playing traditional board games, singing opera, or performing calligraphy with water on the pathways. This blend of historical grandeur and everyday local culture creates a unique atmosphere that is both serene and lively. Stroll through the ancient cypress groves, some trees over 600 years old, and soak in the peaceful ambiance. While the immediate vicinity is more traditional, you'll find numerous local eateries and tea houses where you can savor authentic Beijing flavors, offering a taste of the city's culinary heritage after your historical exploration.

The Forbidden City, officially known as the Palace Museum, stands as a monumental testament to China's imperial past, nestled in the heart of Beijing. This sprawling complex served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors over 500 years, from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. Constructed between 1406 and 1420 by Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty, it is the world's largest ancient palatial structure, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and an absolute must-see when exploring things to do in Beijing. Its sheer scale and intricate design offer an unparalleled glimpse into the lives of emperors and the grandeur of imperial China.

As you step through the Meridian Gate, you are transported back in time, entering a meticulously planned city within a city. The complex is divided into an Outer Court, used for grand ceremonies and state affairs, and an Inner Court, which served as the emperors' and their families' private residences. Marvel at the magnificent Hall of Supreme Harmony, the largest and most important building, where emperors held their enthronement ceremonies and grand celebrations. Adjacent are the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, each with its own significant role in imperial rituals. The Inner Court reveals the more intimate side of imperial life, with the Palace of Heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility representing the emperor's and empress's living quarters. The entire complex is a masterclass in traditional Chinese palatial architecture, with its distinctive yellow-glazed roof tiles symbolizing imperial power and its vibrant red walls reflecting prosperity.

Beyond its architectural splendor, the Forbidden City is rich with history and fascinating anecdotes. Did you know it contains nearly 9,000 rooms, though popular legend often cites 9,999.5 rooms, a number chosen for its auspicious symbolism? The last emperor to reside here was Puyi, whose life within these walls and subsequent abdication marked the end of imperial rule in China. Exploring the various halls, courtyards, and gardens, you'll uncover countless stories of power, intrigue, and daily life within the imperial court.

The Great Wall of China, an awe-inspiring testament to ancient engineering and human perseverance, stretches thousands of kilometers across northern China, with several accessible sections located conveniently near Beijing. This monumental structure, a UNESCO World Heritage site, was primarily built to protect the Chinese empires from nomadic invasions from the north. Its construction spans over two millennia, with significant contributions from various dynasties, most notably the Qin Dynasty under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who unified earlier fragmented walls, and the Ming Dynasty, which saw the most extensive and well-preserved sections built using bricks and stone. When you explore this iconic landmark, you're not just walking on ancient stones; you're tracing the footsteps of soldiers, emperors, and laborers who shaped China's history.

Visiting the Great Wall is undoubtedly a highlight of what to see in Beijing, offering an unparalleled glimpse into China's imperial past. Popular sections like Badaling and Mutianyu provide well-restored pathways, offering stunning panoramic views of the undulating landscape. At Mutianyu, you can ascend via cable car or chairlift and even descend with a thrilling toboggan ride, making it a favorite for families. For those seeking a more rugged adventure, sections like Jinshanling or Simatai offer a less crowded, more authentic experience, showcasing both restored and wild, crumbling sections of the wall, where you can truly appreciate its raw grandeur and the challenges of its construction. Imagine the sheer scale of the undertaking, with millions of workers, including soldiers, peasants, and convicts, toiling for centuries. The Wall's strategic importance extended beyond defense; it also facilitated border control, allowed for the imposition of duties on goods transported along the Silk Road, and served as a communication network with beacon towers used to signal invasions.

As you traverse the ancient ramparts, you'll gain a profound appreciation for the ingenuity and resilience of the Chinese people. Each watchtower and battlement tells a story of vigilance and sacrifice. While the popular myth of the Great Wall being visible from space with the naked eye is untrue, its immense scale and historical significance are undeniable. It stands as a powerful symbol of China's enduring strength and cultural heritage. After your invigorating climb, you'll find various local eateries near the main entrances of the popular sections, offering traditional Chinese fare and refreshments, perfect for recharging before heading back to the bustling city.

The National Museum of China, majestically situated on the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, stands as a monumental testament to China's rich and enduring civilization. As one of the largest and most comprehensive museums globally, it serves as the primary institution for showcasing the vast sweep of Chinese history and culture, from prehistoric times to the modern era. Its strategic location makes it an unmissable landmark for anyone exploring the heart of the capital.

Formed in 2003 from the merger of the National Museum of Chinese History and the National Museum of Chinese Revolution, this institution houses an astounding collection of over 1.4 million artifacts. You can embark on an incredible journey through millennia, encountering priceless treasures that illuminate the ingenuity and artistry of ancient Chinese dynasties. Marvel at exquisite bronzes from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, intricate jade carvings, and delicate ceramics from the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties. The museum's permanent exhibitions, such as "Ancient China" and "The Road to Rejuvenation," meticulously chronicle the nation's development, highlighting significant historical events, technological innovations like papermaking and gunpowder, and the contributions of influential figures. Among the many Beijing attractions, this museum offers a unique opportunity to grasp the profound depth of Chinese heritage.

Beyond its ancient collections, the National Museum of China also dedicates significant space to the modern history of the country, including the revolutionary period and the founding of the People's Republic. You'll find a diverse array of exhibits, from ancient Buddhist sculptures to contemporary art, ensuring there's something to captivate every interest. Its sheer scale and the quality of its exhibits make it an essential stop for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of China's past and present. After immersing yourself in centuries of history, consider a short stroll east to Wangfujing Street, a bustling commercial area where you can find a wide array of dining options, from traditional Chinese snacks to modern cafes, perfect for a post-museum refreshment.

The Prince Gong's Mansion offers a captivating journey into the opulent world of Qing Dynasty royalty and high officials. This magnificent complex, one of the best-preserved princely mansions in China, provides a unique window into a pivotal period of Chinese history. Originally constructed in 1777 for Heshen, a notoriously corrupt yet immensely powerful minister during the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the mansion later became the residence of Yonglin, Prince Gong, a brother of Emperor Xianfeng. Prince Gong was a key figure in the Self-Strengthening Movement, a series of institutional reforms in the late Qing Dynasty, making his former home a site of significant historical resonance. Its grand scale and intricate design reflect the immense wealth and influence of its former inhabitants.

As you step inside, you'll discover why Prince Gong's Mansion is considered one of the most compelling Beijing attractions. The mansion is meticulously divided into two main sections: the residential compounds to the south and the exquisite garden to the north. Wander through the residential area, a series of three parallel courtyards, each featuring traditional halls and living quarters that showcase the sophisticated architectural styles of the Qing era. Highlights include the Anshan Hall and the Dule Hall, where you can imagine the daily lives and political intrigues that unfolded within these walls. The northern section, known as the Symphony of the West Garden (Xiyuan), is a masterpiece of classical Chinese landscape design. Explore its artificial mountains, serene ponds, winding pathways, and pavilions, each offering a picturesque view. A must-see is the "Fu" character stone (福字碑), a calligraphic masterpiece written by Emperor Kangxi, hidden within a rockery, believed to bring good fortune to those who touch it. The garden also houses the Grand Opera House, a beautifully restored venue where you might catch traditional performances.

Beyond its historical and architectural grandeur, Prince Gong's Mansion provides a tranquil escape from the bustling city. Its proximity to the scenic Shichahai Lake and Houhai area allows you to seamlessly combine your visit with a leisurely stroll along the lakefront, a rickshaw tour through the ancient hutongs, or a stop at one of the many charming cafes and traditional Beijing eateries that dot the neighborhood. This immersive experience offers a deeper understanding of Beijing's rich cultural heritage, inviting you to connect with the stories of emperors, princes, and ministers who shaped China's destiny.

The Jingshan Park offers a serene escape and a unique historical perspective right in the heart of Beijing, directly north of the Forbidden City. This meticulously landscaped imperial garden, whose name translates to "Prospect Hill," was originally constructed during the Yuan Dynasty and later significantly expanded during the Ming Dynasty. The central hill, Jingshan, is entirely man-made, formed from the earth excavated to create the moats and foundations for the Forbidden City. This strategic placement allowed emperors to enjoy a commanding view of their grand palace complex and the surrounding city. Over centuries, it served as a private imperial garden, a place for leisure, archery practice, and even a site for cultivating medicinal herbs.

A visit to Jingshan Park is one of the essential things to do in Beijing, primarily for its unparalleled panoramic vistas. Ascend to the summit, where the Wanchun Pavilion (Everlasting Spring Pavilion) stands, and you will be rewarded with a breathtaking, unobstructed view of the entire Forbidden City stretching out before you, a truly magnificent sight that allows you to grasp the sheer scale and architectural grandeur of the imperial palace. Beyond the views, the park itself is a vibrant hub of local life. Stroll through its pathways and you'll often encounter locals practicing tai chi, singing traditional opera, or engaging in group dances, offering a glimpse into daily Beijing culture. The park is also renowned for its stunning peony gardens, which burst into a riot of color, especially during spring, making it a popular spot for photography and leisurely walks. You can also find ancient cypress trees, some dating back hundreds of years, adding to the park's historical ambiance.

Historically, Jingshan Park holds a poignant place as the site where the last Ming emperor, Emperor Chongzhen, tragically took his own life in 1644, marking the end of the Ming Dynasty as rebel forces breached the city walls. A small locust tree, believed to be the spot of this historical event, stands as a somber reminder. Its proximity to other major attractions like the Forbidden City and Beihai Park makes it an ideal addition to your itinerary, allowing for a seamless exploration of imperial Beijing.

The Yonghe Temple, also known as the Lama Temple, stands as a magnificent and active monastery in the heart of Beijing, offering a profound glimpse into Tibetan Buddhism. Originally built in 1694 as a residence for Prince Yong, who later ascended the throne as Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, this complex underwent a significant transformation. After Emperor Yongzheng moved to the Forbidden City, a portion of the palace was converted into a lamasery in 1725, and it officially became a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in 1744 under his successor, Emperor Qianlong. This rich history imbues the temple with a unique blend of Han Chinese and Tibetan architectural styles, evident in its vibrant colors, intricate carvings, and distinctive rooflines. As you explore its five main halls – from the imposing Hall of Heavenly Kings to the serene Hall of the Wheel of the Law – you’ll encounter numerous Buddhist statues, thangkas, and murals, each telling a story of devotion and artistry. The temple’s survival during the tumultuous Cultural Revolution, reportedly due to the personal intervention of Premier Zhou Enlai, adds another layer to its remarkable legacy, making it a truly resilient spiritual landmark.

Among the many wonders to see in Beijing, the Yonghe Temple offers a uniquely tranquil and spiritual experience, a stark contrast to the city's bustling pace. Its most awe-inspiring feature is undoubtedly the colossal Maitreya Buddha statue housed within the Pavilion of Ten Thousand Happinesses (Wanfuge). Carved from a single piece of white sandalwood, this towering figure stands an incredible 26 meters tall, with 18 meters visible above ground and 8 meters embedded below, earning it a place in the Guinness World Records as one of the largest wooden Buddha statues in the world. This monumental artwork was a special gift from the 7th Dalai Lama to Emperor Qianlong, symbolizing the strong ties between the Tibetan Buddhist leadership and the Qing imperial court. Beyond the grand halls, take time to observe the resident monks going about their daily rituals, listen to the chanting, and soak in the peaceful atmosphere. For those looking to extend their exploration of the area, the charming Wudaoying Hutong, just a short stroll away, offers a delightful array of independent cafes, trendy boutiques, and unique restaurants, perfect for a post-temple refreshment or a leisurely afternoon.

The Tiananmen Square, located in the heart of Beijing, stands as one of the world's largest public squares and a profound symbol of China's rich and complex history. Originally constructed in 1417 during the Ming Dynasty as part of the imperial city, it was later expanded and renamed Tiananmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace) in 1651 under the Qing Dynasty. This vast expanse has witnessed pivotal moments that have shaped modern China, making it an essential stop for anyone exploring things to do in Beijing. Its sheer scale is impressive, covering an area of 440,000 square meters, large enough to hold a million people. As you stand in the square, you'll feel the weight of centuries of history, from imperial ceremonies to revolutionary gatherings.

Surrounding the square are several iconic landmarks that further underscore its significance. To the north, the majestic Tiananmen Gate serves as the main entrance to the Forbidden City, adorned with the famous portrait of Mao Zedong. To the west, you'll find the imposing Great Hall of the People, the seat of China's legislature, while to the east stands the National Museum of China, housing an incredible collection of artifacts spanning thousands of years of Chinese civilization. In the very center of the square, the Monument to the People's Heroes honors those who died for the revolutionary cause, and further south, the Mao Zedong Memorial Hall contains the embalmed body of the former leader. Visiting Tiananmen Square offers a unique opportunity to grasp the historical narrative of China, from its imperial past to its socialist present. Consider timing your visit for sunrise or sunset to witness the flag-raising and flag-lowering ceremonies, which are solemn and moving spectacles.

Beyond its historical grandeur, the area around Tiananmen Square also offers modern conveniences. After immersing yourself in history, you might stroll towards Wangfujing Street, a renowned commercial area just a short walk east, where you can find a variety of shops, department stores, and eateries. Perhaps savor some local snacks or enjoy a coffee at one of the many cafes. The square itself is not just a historical site but a vibrant public space where locals gather, fly kites, and enjoy leisurely walks. It’s a place where you can observe daily life unfold against a backdrop of immense historical importance.

The Hutongs of Beijing offer a captivating journey into the city's rich past, providing a stark and beautiful contrast to its modern skyscrapers. These ancient alleyways, with their traditional courtyard residences known as siheyuan, represent the very heart and soul of old Beijing. Originating in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), the Hutongs were the primary form of urban planning and housing for centuries, evolving through the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Each Hutong tells a story, with its narrow lanes and interconnected courtyards fostering a unique sense of community and traditional Chinese life. Exploring them allows you to witness daily routines that have persisted for generations, from residents chatting outside their homes to children playing in the alleys. It's a living museum where history is not just preserved but actively lived.

When considering things to do in Beijing, a visit to the Hutongs is an absolute must for an authentic cultural immersion. You can embark on a traditional rickshaw tour, allowing a local guide to navigate the labyrinthine lanes and share fascinating anecdotes about the area's history and the lives of its inhabitants. Alternatively, simply stroll through the alleys at your own pace, discovering hidden gems like small, family-run eateries serving authentic Beijing snacks, quaint tea houses, and artisan workshops. Areas like Nanluoguxiang offer a more vibrant, commercialized Hutong experience, blending traditional architecture with trendy boutiques, cafes, and bars, making it a popular spot for both locals and tourists seeking unique souvenirs or a relaxing coffee break. Nearby, the serene lakes of Shichahai provide a picturesque backdrop, where you can enjoy boating in summer or ice skating in winter, further enhancing your Hutong exploration.

The charm of the Hutongs lies in their ability to transport you back in time, offering a glimpse into a way of life that is slowly fading amidst rapid urbanization. You'll notice the intricate details of the siheyuan gates, each telling a story of the family's status and history. Many of these courtyards have been converted into guesthouses, private museums, or even chic restaurants, allowing you to experience their unique ambiance firsthand. It's a place where the past and present beautifully intertwine, inviting you to slow down, observe, and connect with the true spirit of Beijing.